Data Set

This dataset was acquired from https://www.kaggle.com/datasets. Compiled by le Minh Nguyen, the dataset ‘disciplie_details.csv’ provides data regarding the Winter Olympic games from 1924 to 2018. The data includes Olympic game number, year, event discipline, event category, and date of event competition. The data also includes number of overall participants per event, number of competing countries per event, and the gold, silver, and bronze winners along with their home countries.

Source file: https://www.kaggle.com/leminhnguyen/winter-olympics-1924-2018

Data Preparation

The data was loaded from .csv format into an R data frame. As part of the analysis centers around a comparison of gender participation, a parse of the ‘category’ column was needed to extract the male/female classification of the event. This information was appended to the data frame as a new column for easier extraction. Additionally, several text encoding anomalies existed in the events and dates. These were corrected using string manipulation within the data frame. Further textual anomalies exist in the participant names and other related data, but remains unaltered as it was not used.

library(stringr)
# Set working directory
setwd(dir="C:/Users/kakar/OneDrive/Desktop/CS 544 R/Final Project")

# Read in 'discipline_details.csv' dataset.
olympics <- read.csv(
  "discipline_details.csv", 
  header = TRUE)

# Extract genders of participants and create new category.
olympics$gender = word(olympics$category, -1, sep=', ')

# Fix encoding format issues with replacement text.
olympics$category = str_replace_all(olympics$category, '×', 'x')
olympics$date = str_replace_all(olympics$date, '– ', '-')
event_number event_year discipline category date n_participants n_country_participants gold_medalist gold_country silver_medalist silver_country bronze_medalist bronze_country gender
I 1924 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 31 January 1924 18 7 Austria AUT Finland FIN France 1 FRA Mixed
I 1924 Military Ski Patrol Military Ski Patrol, Men 29 January 1924 24 6 Switzerland SUI Finland FIN France FRA Men
I 1924 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 30 January 1924 33 11 Thorleif Haug NOR Thoralf Strømstad NOR Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Men
I 1924 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 2 February 1924 41 12 Thorleif Haug NOR Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Tapani Niku FIN Men
I 1924 Speed Skating Allround, Men 26 -27 January 1924 23 9 Clas Thunberg FIN Roald Larsen NOR Julius Skutnabb FIN Men
I 1924 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 27 January 1924 16 6 Julius Skutnabb FIN Clas Thunberg FIN Roald Larsen NOR Men
I 1924 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 26 January 1924 22 10 Clas Thunberg FIN Julius Skutnabb FIN Roald Larsen NOR Men
I 1924 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 27 January 1924 22 9 Clas Thunberg FIN Roald Larsen NOR Sigurd Moen NOR Men
I 1924 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 26 January 1924 27 10 Charley Jewtraw USA Oskar Olsen NOR Clas Thunberg FIN Men
I 1924 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 28 January - 3 February 1924 81 8 Canada CAN United States USA Great Britain GBR Men
I 1924 Bobsleigh Four/Five, Men 2 - 3 February 1924 39 5 Switzerland 1 SUI Great Britain 1 GBR Belgium 1 BEL Men
I 1924 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 4 February 1924 27 9 Jacob Tullin Thams NOR Narve Bonna NOR Anders Haugen USA Men
I 1924 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 2 - 4 February 1924 30 9 Thorleif Haug NOR Thoralf Strømstad NOR Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Men
I 1924 Figure Skating Singles, Women 28 -29 January 1924 8 6 Herma Planck-Szabo AUT Beatrix Loughran USA Ethel Muckelt GBR Women
I 1924 Figure Skating Singles, Men 29 -30 January 1924 11 9 Gillis Grafström SWE Willy Böckl AUT Georges Gautschi SUI Men
I 1924 Alpinism Alpinism, Open 4 February 1924 21 4 Mixed team MIX — — Open
I 1924 Curling Curling, Men 28 -30 January 1924 16 3 Great Britain GBR Sweden SWE France FRA Men
II 1928 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 13 February 1928 33 14 Ivar Ballangrud NOR Julius Skutnabb FIN Bernt Evensen NOR Men
II 1928 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 14 February 1928 30 14 Clas Thunberg FIN Bernt Evensen NOR Ivar Ballangrud NOR Men
II 1928 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 13 February 1928 33 14 Clas Thunberg FIN — Jaakko Friman FIN Men
II 1928 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 14 February 1928 41 11 Per Erik Hedlund SWE Gustaf Jonsson SWE Volger Andersson SWE Men
II 1928 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 17 February 1928 49 15 Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Ole Hegge NOR Reidar Ødegård NOR Men
II 1928 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 18 February 1928 38 13 Alf Andersen NOR Sigmund Ruud NOR Rudolf Burkert TCH Men
II 1928 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 11 -19 February 1928 121 11 Canada CAN Sweden SWE Switzerland SUI Men
II 1928 Bobsleigh Four/Five, Men 18 February 1928 116 14 United States 2 USA United States 1 USA Germany 2 GER Men
II 1928 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 17 -18 February 1928 35 14 Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Hans Vinjarengen NOR John Snersrud NOR Men
III 1932 Bobsleigh Two, Men 8 - 9 February 1932 24 8 United States 1 USA Switzerland 2 SUI United States 2 USA Men
III 1932 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 10 -11 February 1932 33 10 Johan Grøttumsbraaten NOR Ole Stenen NOR Hans Vinjarengen NOR Men
III 1932 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 4 February 1932 18 6 Irving Jaffee USA Eddie Murphy USA Willy Logan CAN Men
III 1932 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 4 -13 February 1932 47 4 Canada CAN United States USA Germany GER Men
III 1932 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 5 - 8 February 1932 18 6 Irving Jaffee USA Ivar Ballangrud NOR Frank Stack CAN Men
III 1932 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 10 February 1932 42 11 Sven Utterström SWE Axel Wikström SWE Veli Saarinen FIN Men
III 1932 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 13 February 1932 32 9 Veli Saarinen FIN Väinö Liikkanen FIN Arne Rustadstuen NOR Men
III 1932 Bobsleigh Four, Men 14 -15 February 1932 28 5 United States 1 USA United States 2 USA Germany 1 GER Men
III 1932 Figure Skating Singles, Men 8 - 9 February 1932 12 8 Karl Schäfer AUT Gillis Grafström SWE Bud Wilson CAN Men
III 1932 Figure Skating Singles, Women 9 -10 February 1932 15 7 Sonja Henie NOR Fritzi Burger AUT Maribel Vinson USA Women
III 1932 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 12 February 1932 14 4 France FRA United States 1 USA Hungary 1 HUN Mixed
III 1932 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 12 February 1932 34 10 Birger Ruud NOR Hans Beck NOR KÃ¥re Walberg NOR Men
III 1932 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 5 February 1932 18 6 Jack Shea USA Alex Hurd CAN Willy Logan CAN Men
III 1932 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 4 February 1932 16 4 Jack Shea USA Bernt Evensen NOR Alex Hurd CAN Men
IV 1936 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 13 February 1936 36 12 Germany 1 GER Austria 1 AUT Hungary 1 HUN Mixed
IV 1936 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 12 -13 February 1936 51 16 Oddbjørn Hagen NOR Olaf Hoffsbakken NOR Sverre Brodahl NOR Men
IV 1936 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 10 February 1936 64 16 Finland FIN Norway NOR Sweden SWE Men
IV 1936 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 15 February 1936 36 11 Elis Wiklund SWE Axel Wikström SWE Nils Englund SWE Men
IV 1936 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 12 February 1936 75 22 Erik Larsson SWE Oddbjørn Hagen NOR Pekka Niemi FIN Men
IV 1936 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 14 February 1936 30 14 Ivar Ballangrud NOR Birger Wasenius FIN Max Stiepl AUT Men
IV 1936 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 12 February 1936 37 16 Ivar Ballangrud NOR Birger Wasenius FIN Antero Ojala FIN Men
IV 1936 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 13 February 1936 37 15 Charles Mathiesen NOR Ivar Ballangrud NOR Birger Wasenius FIN Men
IV 1936 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 11 February 1936 36 14 Ivar Ballangrud NOR Georg Krog NOR Leo Freisinger USA Men
IV 1936 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 6 -16 February 1936 174 15 Great Britain GBR Canada CAN United States USA Men
IV 1936 Bobsleigh Four, Men 11 -12 February 1936 72 10 Switzerland 2 SUI Switzerland 1 SUI Great Britain GBR Men
IV 1936 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 7 - 9 February 1936 66 21 Franz Pfnür GER Gustav Lantschner GER Émile Allais FRA Men
IV 1936 Bobsleigh Two, Men 14 -15 February 1936 46 13 United States 1 USA Switzerland 2 SUI United States 2 USA Men
IV 1936 Figure Skating Singles, Men 8 -14 February 1936 25 12 Karl Schäfer AUT Ernst Baier GER Felix Kaspar AUT Men
IV 1936 Figure Skating Singles, Women 11 -15 February 1936 26 13 Sonja Henie NOR Cecilia Colledge GBR Vivi-Anne Hultén SWE Women
IV 1936 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 16 February 1936 48 14 Birger Ruud NOR Sven Eriksson SWE Reidar Andersen NOR Men
IV 1936 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 7 - 8 February 1936 37 13 Christl Cranz GER Käthe Grasegger GER Laila Schou Nilsen NOR Women
V 1948 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 7 February 1948 30 11 Belgium BEL Hungary 1 HUN Canada CAN Mixed
V 1948 Figure Skating Singles, Women 3 - 6 February 1948 25 10 Barbara Ann Scott CAN Eva Pawlik AUT Jeannette Altwegg GBR Women
V 1948 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 3 February 1948 44 11 Sweden SWE Finland FIN Norway NOR Men
V 1948 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 30 January - 8 February 1948 139 9 Canada CAN Czechoslovakia TCH Switzerland SUI Men
V 1948 Bobsleigh Two, Men 30 -31 January 1948 32 9 Switzerland 2 SUI Switzerland 1 SUI United States 2 USA Men
V 1948 Bobsleigh Four, Men 6 - 7 February 1948 60 9 United States 2 USA Belgium BEL United States 1 USA Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 2 - 4 February 1948 28 10 Trude Beiser AUT Gretchen Fraser USA Erika Mahringer AUT Women
V 1948 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 7 February 1948 49 14 Petter Hugsted NOR Birger Ruud NOR Thorleif Schjelderup NOR Men
V 1948 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 3 - 4 February 1948 15 6 Nino Bibbia ITA Jack Heaton USA John Crammond GBR Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 5 February 1948 28 10 Gretchen Fraser USA Antoinette Meyer SUI Erika Mahringer AUT Women
V 1948 Figure Skating Singles, Men 2 - 5 February 1948 16 10 Dick Button USA Hans Gerschwiler SUI Edi Rada AUT Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 2 - 4 February 1948 78 24 Henri Oreiller FRA Karl Molitor SUI James Couttet FRA Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 5 February 1948 77 22 Edy Reinalter SUI James Couttet FRA Henri Oreiller FRA Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 2 February 1948 111 25 Henri Oreiller FRA Franz Gabl AUT Karl Molitor SUI Men
V 1948 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 31 January - 1 February 1948 39 13 Heikki Hasu FIN Martti Huhtala FIN Sven Israelsson SWE Men
V 1948 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 31 January 1948 42 15 Finn Helgesen NOR Thomas Byberg NOR — Men
V 1948 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 31 January 1948 84 15 Martin Lundström SWE Nils Östensson SWE Gunnar Eriksson SWE Men
V 1948 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 2 February 1948 45 14 Sverre Farstad NOR Ã…ke Seyffarth SWE Odd Lundberg NOR Men
V 1948 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 1 February 1948 40 14 Reidar Liaklev NOR Odd Lundberg NOR Göthe Hedlund SWE Men
V 1948 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 3 February 1948 27 11 Ã…ke Seyffarth SWE Lassi Parkkinen FIN Pentti Lammio FIN Men
V 1948 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 2 February 1948 37 11 Hedy Schlunegger SUI Trude Beiser AUT Resi Hammerer AUT Women
V 1948 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 6 February 1948 28 9 Nils Karlsson SWE Harald Ericson SWE Benjam Vanninen FIN Men
VI 1952 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 16 February 1952 41 14 Ken Henry USA Don McDermott USA Gordon Audley CAN Men
VI 1952 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 23 February 1952 52 13 Finland FIN Norway NOR Sweden SWE Men
VI 1952 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 18 February 1952 39 13 Hjalmar Andersen NOR Wim van der Voort NED Roald Aas NOR Men
VI 1952 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 17 February 1952 35 13 Hjalmar Andersen NOR Kees Broekman NED Sverre Haugli NOR Men
VI 1952 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 19 February 1952 30 12 Hjalmar Andersen NOR Kees Broekman NED Carl-Erik Asplund SWE Men
VI 1952 Cross Country Skiing 18 kilometres, Men 18 February 1952 80 18 Hallgeir Brenden NOR Tapio Mäkelä FIN Paavo Lonkila FIN Men
VI 1952 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 20 February 1952 36 13 Veikko Hakulinen FIN Eero Kolehmainen FIN Magnar Estenstad NOR Men
VI 1952 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 15 -25 February 1952 146 9 Canada CAN United States USA Sweden SWE Men
VI 1952 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 23 February 1952 20 8 Lydia Wideman FIN Mirja Hietamies FIN Siiri Rantanen FIN Women
VI 1952 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 17 -18 February 1952 25 11 Simon Slåttvik NOR Heikki Hasu FIN Sverre Stenersen NOR Men
VI 1952 Bobsleigh Four, Men 21 -22 February 1952 60 9 Unified Team of Germany GER United States 1 USA Switzerland 1 SUI Men
VI 1952 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 24 February 1952 44 13 Arnfinn Bergmann NOR Torbjørn Falkanger NOR Karl Holmström SWE Men
VI 1952 Bobsleigh Two, Men 14 -15 February 1952 36 9 Unified Team of Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA Switzerland 1 SUI Men
VI 1952 Figure Skating Singles, Women 16 -20 February 1952 25 12 Jeannette Altwegg GBR Tenley Albright USA Jacqueline du Bief FRA Women
VI 1952 Figure Skating Singles, Men 19 -21 February 1952 14 11 Dick Button USA Helmut Seibt AUT Jim Grogan USA Men
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 20 February 1952 40 14 Andrea Mead-Lawrence USA Ossi Reichert GER Mirl Buchner GER Women
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 14 February 1952 45 15 Andrea Mead-Lawrence USA Dagmar Rom AUT Mirl Buchner GER Women
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 17 February 1952 42 13 Trude Jochum-Beiser AUT Mirl Buchner GER Giuliana Minuzzo ITA Women
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 19 February 1952 86 27 Othmar Schneider AUT Stein Eriksen NOR Guttorm Berge NOR Men
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 15 February 1952 83 26 Stein Eriksen NOR Christian Pravda AUT Toni Spiß AUT Men
VI 1952 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 16 February 1952 82 27 Zeno Colò ITA Othmar Schneider AUT Christian Pravda AUT Men
VI 1952 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 22 February 1952 26 9 Unified Team of Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA Hungary 1 HUN Mixed
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 30 January 1956 62 20 Hallgeir Brenden NOR Sixten Jernberg SWE Pavel Kolchin URS Men
VII 1956 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 30 January 1956 54 18 Yevgeny Grishin URS — Toivo Salonen FIN Men
VII 1956 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 29 January 1956 46 17 Boris Shilkov URS Sigvard Ericsson SWE Oleg Goncharenko URS Men
VII 1956 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 31 January 1956 32 15 Sigvard Ericsson SWE Knut Johannesen NOR Oleg Goncharenko URS Men
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 27 January 1956 54 18 Veikko Hakulinen FIN Sixten Jernberg SWE Pavel Kolchin URS Men
VII 1956 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 29 -31 January 1956 36 12 Sverre Stenersen NOR Bengt Eriksson SWE Franciszek Gąsienica Groń POL Men
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 4 February 1956 56 14 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN Sweden SWE Men
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 28 January 1956 40 11 Lyubov Kozyreva URS Radya Yeroshina URS Sonja Edström SWE Women
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 3 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 1 February 1956 30 10 Finland FIN Soviet Union URS Sweden SWE Women
VII 1956 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 28 January 1956 47 17 Yevgeny Grishin URS Rafael Grach URS Alv Gjestvang NOR Men
VII 1956 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 2 February 1956 33 13 Sixten Jernberg SWE Veikko Hakulinen FIN Fyodor Terentyev URS Men
VII 1956 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 26 January - 4 February 1956 169 10 Soviet Union URS United States USA Canada CAN Men
VII 1956 Figure Skating Singles, Women 30 January - 2 February 1956 21 11 Tenley Albright USA Carol Heiss USA Ingrid Wendl AUT Women
VII 1956 Bobsleigh Two, Men 27 -28 January 1956 50 14 Italy 1 ITA Italy 2 ITA Switzerland 1 SUI Men
VII 1956 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 5 February 1956 51 16 Antti Hyvärinen FIN Aulis Kallakorpi FIN Harry Glaß GER Men
VII 1956 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 3 February 1956 22 7 Austria 1 AUT Canada 1 CAN Hungary HUN Mixed
VII 1956 Bobsleigh Four, Men 3 - 4 February 1956 85 12 Switzerland 1 SUI Italy 2 ITA United States 1 USA Men
VII 1956 Figure Skating Singles, Men 29 January - 1 February 1956 16 11 Hayes Jenkins USA Ronnie Robertson USA David Jenkins USA Men
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 30 January 1956 48 16 Renée Colliard SUI Regina Schöpf AUT Yevgeniya Sidorova URS Women
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 27 January 1956 49 16 Ossi Reichert GER Putzi Frandl AUT Thea Hochleitner AUT Women
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 1 February 1956 47 16 Madeleine Berthod SUI Frieda Dänzer SUI Lucile Wheeler CAN Women
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 31 January 1956 89 29 Toni Sailer AUT Chiharu Igaya JPN Stig Sollander SWE Men
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 29 January 1956 95 29 Toni Sailer AUT Anderl Molterer AUT Walter Schuster AUT Men
VII 1956 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 3 February 1956 75 27 Toni Sailer AUT Raymond Fellay SUI Anderl Molterer AUT Men
VIII 1960 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 19 -28 February 1960 152 9 United States USA Canada CAN Soviet Union URS Men
VIII 1960 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 28 February 1960 45 15 Helmut Recknagel GER Niilo Halonen FIN Otto Leodolter AUT Men
VIII 1960 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 19 February 1960 26 7 Canada 1 CAN Unified Team of Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA Mixed
VIII 1960 Figure Skating Singles, Women 21 -23 February 1960 26 13 Carol Heiss USA Sjoukje Dijkstra NED Barbara Ann Roles USA Women
VIII 1960 Figure Skating Singles, Men 24 -26 February 1960 19 10 David Jenkins USA Karol Divín TCH Don Jackson CAN Men
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 22 February 1960 63 21 Jean Vuarnet FRA Hans-Peter Lanig GER Guy Périllat FRA Men
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 23 February 1960 44 14 Yvonne Rüegg SUI Penny Pitou USA Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo ITA Women
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 20 February 1960 42 14 Heidi Biebl GER Penny Pitou USA Traudl Hecher AUT Women
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 24 February 1960 63 21 Ernst Hinterseer AUT Hias Leitner AUT Charles Bozon FRA Men
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 21 February 1960 65 21 Roger Staub SUI Pepi Stiegler AUT Ernst Hinterseer AUT Men
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 24 February 1960 46 15 Yevgeny Grishin URS Bill Disney USA Rafael Grach URS Men
VIII 1960 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 26 February 1960 43 14 Anne Heggtveit CAN Betsy Snite USA Barbi Henneberger GER Women
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 26 February 1960 48 16 Roald Aas NOR — Boris Stenin URS Men
VIII 1960 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 21 February 1960 30 9 Klas Lestander SWE Antti Tyrväinen FIN Aleksandr Privalov URS Men
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 27 February 1960 30 15 Knut Johannesen NOR Viktor Kosichkin URS Kjell Bäckman SWE Men
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 25 February 1960 37 15 Viktor Kosichkin URS Knut Johannesen NOR Jan Pesman NED Men
VIII 1960 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 21 -22 February 1960 33 13 Georg Thoma GER Tormod Knutsen NOR Nikolay Gusakov URS Men
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 3 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 26 February 1960 15 5 Sweden SWE Soviet Union URS Finland FIN Women
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 20 February 1960 24 7 Mariya Gusakova URS Lyubov Baranova URS Radya Yeroshina URS Women
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 27 February 1960 31 10 Kalevi Hämäläinen FIN Veikko Hakulinen FIN Rolf Rämgård SWE Men
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 19 February 1960 48 17 Sixten Jernberg SWE Rolf Rämgård SWE Nikolay Anikin URS Men
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 25 February 1960 44 11 Finland FIN Norway NOR Soviet Union URS Men
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 23 February 1960 20 10 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Valentina Stenina URS Eevi Huttunen FIN Women
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 21 February 1960 23 10 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Elwira Seroczyńska POL Helena Pilejczyk POL Women
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 22 February 1960 22 10 Klara Guseva URS Helga Haase GER Tamara Rylova URS Women
VIII 1960 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 20 February 1960 23 10 Helga Haase GER Nataliya Donchenko URS Jeanne Ashworth USA Women
VIII 1960 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 23 February 1960 54 19 HÃ¥kon Brusveen NOR Sixten Jernberg SWE Veikko Hakulinen FIN Men
IX 1964 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 9 February 1964 52 15 Toralf Engan NOR Veikko Kankkonen FIN Torgeir Brandtzæg NOR Men
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 30 January 1964 84 27 Egon Zimmermann AUT Léo Lacroix FRA Wolfgang Bartels GER Men
IX 1964 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 6 February 1964 54 20 Ants Antson URS Kees Verkerk NED Villy Haugen NOR Men
IX 1964 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 4 February 1964 44 19 Terry McDermott USA Alv Gjestvang NOR — Men
IX 1964 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 27 January - 9 February 1964 270 16 Soviet Union URS Sweden SWE Czechoslovakia TCH Men
IX 1964 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 4 February 1964 51 14 Vladimir Melanin URS Aleksandr Privalov URS Olav Jordet NOR Men
IX 1964 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 31 January 1964 53 15 Veikko Kankkonen FIN Toralf Engan NOR Torgeir Brandtzæg NOR Men
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 7 - 8 February 1964 96 28 Pepi Stiegler AUT Billy Kidd USA Jimmy Heuga USA Men
IX 1964 Figure Skating Singles, Women 30 January - 2 February 1964 30 14 Sjoukje Dijkstra NED Regine Heitzer AUT Petra Burka CAN Women
IX 1964 Figure Skating Singles, Men 3 - 6 February 1964 24 11 Manfred Schnelldorfer GER Alain Calmat FRA Scotty Allen USA Men
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 1 February 1964 46 16 Christine Goitschel FRA Marielle Goitschel FRA Jean Saubert USA Women
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 3 February 1964 46 16 Marielle Goitschel FRA Christine Goitschel FRA — Women
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 6 February 1964 43 15 Christl Haas AUT Edith Zimmermann AUT Traudl Hecher AUT Women
IX 1964 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 2 February 1964 96 28 François Bonlieu FRA Karl Schranz AUT Pepi Stiegler AUT Men
IX 1964 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 5 February 1964 42 19 Knut Johannesen NOR Per Ivar Moe NOR Fred Anton Maier NOR Men
IX 1964 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 29 January 1964 34 7 Soviet Union 1 URS Canada 1 CAN United States 1 USA Mixed
IX 1964 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 7 February 1964 33 19 Jonny Nilsson SWE Fred Anton Maier NOR Knut Johannesen NOR Men
IX 1964 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 31 January 1964 30 14 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Kaija Mustonen FIN Berta Kolokoltseva URS Women
IX 1964 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 1 February 1964 28 14 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Irina Yegorova URS Kaija Mustonen FIN Women
IX 1964 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 2 - 3 February 1964 32 11 Tormod Knutsen NOR Nikolay Kiselyov URS Georg Thoma GER Men
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 3 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 7 February 1964 24 8 Soviet Union URS Sweden SWE Finland FIN Women
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 1 February 1964 35 12 Klavdiya Boyarskikh URS Yevdokiya Mekshilo URS Mariya Gusakova URS Women
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 5 February 1964 32 11 Klavdiya Boyarskikh URS Mirja Lehtonen FIN Alevtina Kolchina URS Women
IX 1964 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 30 January 1964 28 13 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Irina Yegorova URS Tatyana Sidorova URS Women
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 5 February 1964 41 14 Sixten Jernberg SWE Assar Rönnlund SWE Arto Tiainen FIN Men
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 30 January 1964 69 23 Eero Mäntyranta FIN Harald Grønningen NOR Igor Voronchikhin URS Men
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 8 February 1964 60 15 Sweden SWE Finland FIN Soviet Union URS Men
IX 1964 Luge Singles, Women 30 January - 4 February 1964 17 7 Ortrun Enderlein GER Ilse Geisler GER Leni Thurner AUT Women
IX 1964 Luge Doubles, Open 5 February 1964 30 8 Austria 1 AUT Austria 2 AUT Italy 1 ITA Open
IX 1964 Luge Singles, Men 30 January - 4 February 1964 38 12 Thomas Köhler GER Klaus-Michael Bonsack GER Hans Plenk GER Men
IX 1964 Bobsleigh Four, Men 5 - 7 February 1964 75 11 Canada 1 CAN Austria 1 AUT Italy 2 ITA Men
IX 1964 Bobsleigh Two, Men 31 January - 1 February 1964 42 11 Great Britain 1 GBR Italy 2 ITA Italy 1 ITA Men
IX 1964 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 2 February 1964 28 13 Lidiya Skoblikova URS Han Pil-Hwa PRK — Women
IX 1964 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 2 February 1964 71 21 Eero Mäntyranta FIN Harald Grønningen NOR Sixten Jernberg SWE Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 15 February 1968 38 17 Fred Anton Maier NOR Kees Verkerk NED Peter Nottet NED Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 16 February 1968 53 18 Kees Verkerk NED Ard Schenk NED — Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 14 February 1968 48 17 Erhard Keller FRG Magne Thomassen NOR — Men
X 1968 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 4 -17 February 1968 250 14 Soviet Union URS Czechoslovakia TCH Canada CAN Men
X 1968 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 12 February 1968 60 16 Magnar Solberg NOR Aleksandr Tikhonov URS Vladimir Gundartsev URS Men
X 1968 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 18 February 1968 58 17 Vladimir Belousov URS Jiří Raška TCH Lars Grini NOR Men
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 16 -17 February 1968 100 33 Jean-Claude Killy FRA Herbert Huber AUT Alfred Matt AUT Men
X 1968 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 11 -14 February 1968 36 9 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS West Germany 1 FRG Mixed
X 1968 Figure Skating Singles, Women 8 -10 February 1968 32 15 Peggy Fleming USA Gabriele Seyfert GDR Hana Mašková TCH Women
X 1968 Figure Skating Singles, Men 14 -16 February 1968 28 14 Wolfgang Schwarz AUT Tim Wood USA Patrick Péra FRA Men
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 13 February 1968 49 18 Marielle Goitschel FRA Nancy Greene CAN Annie Famose FRA Women
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 15 February 1968 47 18 Nancy Greene CAN Annie Famose FRA Fernande Bochatay SUI Women
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 10 February 1968 39 14 Olga Pall AUT Isabelle Mir FRA Christl Haas AUT Women
X 1968 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 17 February 1968 28 13 Johnny Höglin SWE Fred Anton Maier NOR Örjan Sandler SWE Men
X 1968 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 11 February 1968 58 17 Jiří Raška TCH Reinhold Bachler AUT Baldur Preiml AUT Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 9 February 1968 28 11 Lyudmila Titova URS Jenny Fish USA — Women
X 1968 Luge Singles, Women 11 -13 February 1968 26 10 Erika Lechner ITA Christa Schmuck FRG Angelika Dünhaupt FRG Women
X 1968 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 10 February 1968 30 12 Kaija Mustonen FIN Carry Geijssen NED Stien Kaiser NED Women
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 11 -12 February 1968 101 33 Jean-Claude Killy FRA Willy Favre SUI Heini Messner AUT Men
X 1968 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 10 -12 February 1968 41 13 Franz Keller FRG Alois Kälin SUI Andreas Kunz GDR Men
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 3 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 16 February 1968 24 8 Norway NOR Sweden SWE Soviet Union URS Women
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 9 February 1968 34 11 Toini Gustafsson SWE Berit Mørdre NOR Inger Aufles NOR Women
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 13 February 1968 34 11 Toini Gustafsson SWE Galina Kulakova URS Alevtina Kolchina URS Women
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 14 February 1968 60 15 Norway NOR Sweden SWE Finland FIN Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 11 February 1968 29 12 Carry Geijssen NED Lyudmila Titova URS Dianne Holum USA Women
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 17 February 1968 51 18 Ole Ellefsæter NOR Vyacheslav Vedenin URS Josef Haas SUI Men
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 10 February 1968 75 25 Harald Grønningen NOR Eero Mäntyranta FIN Gunnar Larsson SWE Men
X 1968 Luge Doubles, Open 18 February 1968 30 9 East Germany 1 GDR Austria 1 AUT West Germany 1 FRG Open
X 1968 Luge Singles, Men 11 -13 February 1968 50 14 Manfred Schmid AUT Thomas Köhler GDR Klaus-Michael Bonsack GDR Men
X 1968 Bobsleigh Four, Men 16 February 1968 76 11 Italy 1 ITA Austria 1 AUT Switzerland 1 SUI Men
X 1968 Bobsleigh Two, Men 8 -11 February 1968 44 11 Italy 1 ITA West Germany 1 FRG Romania 1 ROU Men
X 1968 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 12 February 1968 26 12 Ans Schut NED Kaija Mustonen FIN Stien Kaiser NED Women
X 1968 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 7 February 1968 66 22 Franco Nones ITA Odd Martinsen NOR Eero Mäntyranta FIN Men
X 1968 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 9 February 1968 86 29 Jean-Claude Killy FRA Guy Périllat FRA Jean-Daniel Dätwyler SUI Men
X 1968 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 15 February 1968 56 14 Soviet Union URS Norway NOR Sweden SWE Men
XI 1972 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 10 February 1972 29 12 Anne Henning USA Vera Krasnova URS Lyudmila Titova URS Women
XI 1972 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 11 February 1972 33 12 Monika Pflug FRG Atje Keulen-Deelstra NED Anne Henning USA Women
XI 1972 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 9 February 1972 31 12 Dianne Holum USA Stien Baas-Kaiser NED Atje Keulen-Deelstra NED Women
XI 1972 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 12 February 1972 22 10 Stien Baas-Kaiser NED Dianne Holum USA Atje Keulen-Deelstra NED Women
XI 1972 Bobsleigh Two, Men 4 - 5 February 1972 42 11 West Germany 2 FRG West Germany 1 FRG Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XI 1972 Bobsleigh Four, Men 11 -12 February 1972 72 11 Switzerland 1 SUI Italy 1 ITA West Germany 1 FRG Men
XI 1972 Luge Singles, Men 4 - 7 February 1972 45 13 Wolfgang Scheidel GDR Harald Ehrig GDR Wolfram Fiedler GDR Men
XI 1972 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 7 February 1972 24 14 Ard Schenk NED Kees Verkerk NED Sten Stensen NOR Men
XI 1972 Luge Doubles, Open 10 February 1972 40 11 East Germany 1 GDR — East Germany 2 GDR Open
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 7 February 1972 62 19 Sven-Åke Lundbäck SWE Fyodor Simashov URS Ivar Formo NOR Men
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 4 February 1972 59 18 Vyacheslav Vedenin URS PÃ¥l Tyldum NOR Johs Harviken NOR Men
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 10 February 1972 40 13 PÃ¥l Tyldum NOR Magne Myrmo NOR Vyacheslav Vedenin URS Men
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 13 February 1972 56 14 Soviet Union URS Norway NOR Switzerland SUI Men
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 9 February 1972 43 12 Galina Kulakova URS Marjatta Kajosmaa FIN Helena Šikolová TCH Women
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 6 February 1972 42 12 Galina Kulakova URS Alevtina Olyunina URS Marjatta Kajosmaa FIN Women
XI 1972 Luge Singles, Women 4 - 7 February 1972 22 8 Anna-Maria Müller GDR Ute Rührold GDR Margit Schumann GDR Women
XI 1972 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 4 February 1972 28 14 Ard Schenk NED Roar Grønvold NOR Sten Stensen NOR Men
XI 1972 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 6 February 1972 39 16 Ard Schenk NED Roar Grønvold NOR Göran Claeson SWE Men
XI 1972 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 5 February 1972 38 16 Erhard Keller FRG Hasse Börjes SWE Valery Muratov URS Men
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 7 February 1972 55 20 Bernhard Russi SUI Roland Collombin SUI Heini Messner AUT Men
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 9 -10 February 1972 73 27 Gustavo Thoeni ITA Edy Bruggmann SUI Werner Mattle SUI Men
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 12 -13 February 1972 72 27 Francisco Fernández Ochoa ESP Gustavo Thoeni ITA Rolando Thoeni ITA Men
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 5 February 1972 41 13 Marie-Theres Nadig SUI Annemarie Pröll AUT Susie Corrock USA Women
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 8 February 1972 42 13 Marie-Theres Nadig SUI Annemarie Pröll AUT Wiltrud Drexel AUT Women
XI 1972 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 11 February 1972 42 13 Barbara Cochran USA Danièle Debernard FRA Florence Steurer FRA Women
XI 1972 Cross Country Skiing 3 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 12 February 1972 33 11 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN Norway NOR Women
XI 1972 Figure Skating Singles, Men 8 -11 February 1972 17 10 Ondrej Nepela TCH Sergey Chetverukhin URS Patrick Péra FRA Men
XI 1972 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 6 - 8 February 1972 32 9 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS East Germany 1 GDR Mixed
XI 1972 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 6 February 1972 56 16 Yukio Kasaya JPN Akitsugu Konno JPN Seiji Aochi JPN Men
XI 1972 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 11 February 1972 52 15 Wojciech Fortuna POL Walter Steiner SUI Rainer Schmidt GDR Men
XI 1972 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 9 February 1972 54 14 Magnar Solberg NOR Hansjörg Knauthe GDR Lars-Göran Arwidson SWE Men
XI 1972 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 11 February 1972 52 13 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN East Germany GDR Men
XI 1972 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 3 -13 February 1972 205 11 Soviet Union URS United States USA Czechoslovakia TCH Men
XI 1972 Figure Skating Singles, Women 4 - 7 February 1972 19 14 Trixi Schuba AUT Karen Magnussen CAN Janet Lynn USA Women
XI 1972 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 4 - 5 February 1972 40 14 Ulrich Wehling GDR Rauno Miettinen FIN Karl-Heinz Luck GDR Men
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 7 February 1976 44 14 Helena Takalo FIN Raisa Smetanina URS Nina Baldycheva URS Women
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 10 February 1976 44 14 Raisa Smetanina URS Helena Takalo FIN Galina Kulakova URS Women
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 9 -10 February 1976 97 31 Heini Hemmi SUI Ernst Good SUI Ingemar Stenmark SWE Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 6 February 1976 27 13 Sheila Young USA Cathy Priestner CAN Tatyana Averina URS Women
XII 1976 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 7 February 1976 27 12 Tatyana Averina URS Leah Poulos USA Sheila Young USA Women
XII 1976 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 5 February 1976 26 12 Galina Stepanskaya URS Sheila Young USA Tatyana Averina URS Women
XII 1976 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 8 February 1976 26 12 Tatyana Averina URS Andrea Mitscherlich GDR Lisbeth Korsmo NOR Women
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 12 February 1976 36 9 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN East Germany GDR Women
XII 1976 Bobsleigh Four, Men 13 -14 February 1976 85 12 East Germany 1 GDR Switzerland 2 SUI West Germany 1 FRG Men
XII 1976 Luge Singles, Men 4 - 7 February 1976 43 15 Dettlef Günther GDR Josef Fendt FRG Hans Rinn GDR Men
XII 1976 Luge Doubles, Open 10 February 1976 50 15 East Germany 1 GDR West Germany 1 FRG Austria 1 AUT Open
XII 1976 Luge Singles, Women 4 - 7 February 1976 26 12 Margit Schumann GDR Ute Rührold GDR Elisabeth Demleitner FRG Women
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 8 February 1976 80 23 Nikolay Bazhukov URS Yevgeny Belyayev URS Arto Koivisto FIN Men
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 5 February 1976 69 21 Sergey Savelyev URS Bill Koch USA Ivan Garanin URS Men
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 14 February 1976 59 17 Ivar Formo NOR Gert-Dietmar Klause GDR Benny Södergren SWE Men
XII 1976 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 11 February 1976 64 16 Finland FIN Norway NOR Soviet Union URS Men
XII 1976 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 8 - 9 February 1976 34 14 Ulrich Wehling GDR Urban Hettich FRG Konrad Winkler GDR Men
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 5 February 1976 74 27 Franz Klammer AUT Bernhard Russi SUI Herbert Plank ITA Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 14 February 1976 20 12 Piet Kleine NED Sten Stensen NOR Hans van Helden NED Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 11 February 1976 31 17 Sten Stensen NOR Piet Kleine NED Hans van Helden NED Men
XII 1976 Bobsleigh Two, Men 6 - 7 February 1976 48 13 East Germany 2 GDR West Germany 1 FRG Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 8 February 1976 38 15 Rosi Mittermaier FRG Brigitte Totschnig AUT Cindy Nelson USA Women
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 14 February 1976 94 31 Piero Gros ITA Gustavo Thoeni ITA Willi Frommelt LIE Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 13 February 1976 30 18 Jan Egil Storholt NOR Yury Kondakov URS Hans van Helden NED Men
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 13 February 1976 45 17 Kathy Kreiner CAN Rosi Mittermaier FRG Danièle Debernard FRA Women
XII 1976 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 11 February 1976 42 16 Rosi Mittermaier FRG Claudia Giordani ITA Hanni Wenzel LIE Women
XII 1976 Figure Skating Singles, Men 8 -11 February 1976 20 12 John Curry GBR Vladimir Kovalyov URS Toller Cranston CAN Men
XII 1976 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 5 - 7 February 1976 28 9 Soviet Union 1 URS East Germany 1 GDR East Germany 2 GDR Mixed
XII 1976 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 4 - 9 February 1976 36 9 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS United States 1 USA Mixed
XII 1976 Figure Skating Singles, Women 10 -13 February 1976 21 15 Dorothy Hamill USA Dianne de Leeuw NED Christine Errath GDR Women
XII 1976 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 15 February 1976 54 15 Karl Schnabl AUT Toni Innauer AUT Henry Glaß GDR Men
XII 1976 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 6 February 1976 52 18 Nikolay Kruglov URS Heikki Ikola FIN Aleksandr Yelizarov URS Men
XII 1976 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 13 February 1976 60 15 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN East Germany GDR Men
XII 1976 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 3 -14 February 1976 217 12 Soviet Union URS Czechoslovakia TCH West Germany FRG Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 10 February 1976 29 16 Yevgeny Kulikov URS Valery Muratov URS Dan Immerfall USA Men
XII 1976 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 12 February 1976 31 16 Peter Mueller USA Jørn Didriksen NOR Valery Muratov URS Men
XII 1976 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 7 February 1976 55 15 Hans-Georg Aschenbach GDR Jochen Danneberg GDR Karl Schnabl AUT Men
XIII 1980 Bobsleigh Four, Men 23 -24 February 1980 68 10 East Germany 1 GDR Switzerland 1 SUI East Germany 2 GDR Men
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 15 February 1980 31 15 Karin Enke GDR Leah Poulos-Mueller USA Nataliya Petrusyova URS Women
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 17 February 1980 37 16 Nataliya Petrusyova URS Leah Poulos-Mueller USA Sylvia Albrecht GDR Women
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 14 February 1980 31 14 Annie Borckink NED Ria Visser NED Sabine Becker GDR Women
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 20 February 1980 29 14 Bjørg Eva Jensen NOR Sabine Becker GDR Beth Heiden USA Women
XIII 1980 Bobsleigh Two, Men 15 -16 February 1980 40 11 Switzerland 2 SUI East Germany 2 GDR East Germany 1 GDR Men
XIII 1980 Luge Singles, Men 13 -16 February 1980 30 13 Bernhard Glass GDR Paul Hildgartner ITA Anton Winkler FRG Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 18 February 1980 38 12 Barbara Petzold GDR Hilkka Riihivuori FIN Helena Takalo FIN Women
XIII 1980 Luge Singles, Women 13 -16 February 1980 26 11 Vera Zozuļa URS Melitta Sollmann GDR Ingrīda Amantova URS Women
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 17 February 1980 63 22 Thomas Wassberg SWE Juha Mieto FIN Ove Aunli NOR Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 14 February 1980 57 20 Nikolay Zimyatov URS Vasily Rochev URS Ivan Lebanov BUL Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 23 February 1980 43 14 Nikolay Zimyatov URS Juha Mieto FIN Aleksandr Zavyalov URS Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 20 February 1980 40 10 Soviet Union URS Norway NOR Finland FIN Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 15 February 1980 38 12 Raisa Smetanina URS Hilkka Riihivuori FIN Květa Jeriová TCH Women
XIII 1980 Luge Doubles, Open 19 February 1980 38 12 East Germany 1 GDR Italy 1 ITA Austria 1 AUT Open
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 23 February 1980 25 13 Eric Heiden USA Piet Kleine NED Tom Erik Oxholm NOR Men
XIII 1980 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 22 February 1980 60 15 Soviet Union URS East Germany GDR West Germany FRG Men
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 21 February 1980 36 16 Eric Heiden USA Kay Arne Stenshjemmet NOR Terje Andersen NOR Men
XIII 1980 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 21 February 1980 32 8 East Germany GDR Soviet Union URS Norway NOR Women
XIII 1980 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 12 -24 February 1980 239 12 United States USA Soviet Union URS Sweden SWE Men
XIII 1980 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 16 February 1980 49 18 Anatoly Alyabyev URS Frank Ullrich GDR Eberhard Rösch GDR Men
XIII 1980 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 19 February 1980 50 18 Frank Ullrich GDR Vladimir Alikin URS Anatoly Alyabyev URS Men
XIII 1980 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 23 February 1980 50 16 Jouko Törmänen FIN Hubert Neuper AUT Jari Puikkonen FIN Men
XIII 1980 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 17 February 1980 48 16 Toni Innauer AUT Manfred Deckert GDR — Men
XIII 1980 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 18 -20 February 1980 24 8 Soviet Union 1 URS Hungary HUN Soviet Union 2 URS Mixed
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 16 February 1980 29 15 Eric Heiden USA Kay Arne Stenshjemmet NOR Tom Erik Oxholm NOR Men
XIII 1980 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 16 -18 February 1980 22 7 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS East Germany 1 GDR Mixed
XIII 1980 Figure Skating Singles, Men 18 -21 February 1980 17 10 Robin Cousins GBR Jan Hoffmann GDR Charlie Tickner USA Men
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 23 February 1980 47 21 Hanni Wenzel LIE Christa Kinshofer FRG Erika Hess SUI Women
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 20 -21 February 1980 48 21 Hanni Wenzel LIE Irene Epple FRG Perrine Pelen FRA Women
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 17 February 1980 28 13 Annemarie Moser-Pröll AUT Hanni Wenzel LIE Marie-Theres Nadig SUI Women
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 22 February 1980 79 28 Ingemar Stenmark SWE Phil Mahre USA Jacques Lüthy SUI Men
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 18 -19 February 1980 78 28 Ingemar Stenmark SWE Andi Wenzel LIE Hans Enn AUT Men
XIII 1980 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 14 February 1980 47 22 Leonhard Stock AUT Peter Wirnsberger AUT Steve Podborski CAN Men
XIII 1980 Figure Skating Singles, Women 20 -23 February 1980 22 15 Anett Pötzsch GDR Linda Fratianne USA Dagmar Lurz FRG Women
XIII 1980 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 18 -19 February 1980 31 9 Ulrich Wehling GDR Jouko Karjalainen FIN Konrad Winkler GDR Men
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 19 February 1980 41 19 Eric Heiden USA Gaétan Boucher CAN Frode Rønning NOR Men
XIII 1980 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 15 February 1980 37 18 Eric Heiden USA Yevgeny Kulikov URS Lieuwe de Boer NED Men
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 15 February 1984 48 12 Norway NOR Czechoslovakia TCH Finland FIN Women
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 10 February 1984 42 20 Sergey Fokichev URS Yoshihiro Kitazawa JPN Gaétan Boucher CAN Men
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 16 February 1984 61 25 Bill Johnson USA Peter Müller SUI Anton Steiner AUT Men
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 14 February 1984 108 39 Max Julen SUI Jure Franko YUG Andi Wenzel LIE Men
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 19 February 1984 101 38 Phil Mahre USA Steve Mahre USA Didier Bouvet FRA Men
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 16 February 1984 32 13 Michela Figini SUI Maria Walliser SUI Olga Charvátová TCH Women
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 13 February 1984 54 20 Debbie Armstrong USA Christin Cooper USA Perrine Pelen FRA Women
XIV 1984 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 17 February 1984 45 19 Paola Magoni ITA Perrine Pelen FRA Ursula Konzett LIE Women
XIV 1984 Figure Skating Singles, Men 13 -16 February 1984 23 15 Scott Hamilton USA Brian Orser CAN Jozef Sabovčík TCH Men
XIV 1984 Figure Skating Singles, Women 15 -18 February 1984 23 16 Katarina Witt GDR Rosalyn Sumners USA Kira Ivanova URS Women
XIV 1984 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 10 -12 February 1984 30 7 Soviet Union 1 URS United States 1 USA Soviet Union 2 URS Mixed
XIV 1984 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 10 -14 February 1984 38 12 Great Britain 1 GBR Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS Mixed
XIV 1984 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 12 February 1984 58 17 Jens Weißflog GDR Matti Nykänen FIN Jari Puikkonen FIN Men
XIV 1984 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 14 February 1984 64 25 Eirik Kvalfoss NOR Peter Angerer FRG Matthias Jacob GDR Men
XIV 1984 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 11 February 1984 63 25 Peter Angerer FRG Frank-Peter Roetsch GDR Eirik Kvalfoss NOR Men
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 14 February 1984 43 20 Gaétan Boucher CAN Sergey Khlebnikov URS Kai Arne Engelstad NOR Men
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 16 February 1984 40 20 Gaétan Boucher CAN Sergey Khlebnikov URS Oleg Bozhev URS Men
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 12 February 1984 42 20 Tomas Gustafson SWE Igor Malkov URS René Schöfisch GDR Men
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 18 February 1984 32 17 Igor Malkov URS Tomas Gustafson SWE René Schöfisch GDR Men
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 20 kilometres, Women 18 February 1984 40 13 Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen FIN Raisa Smetanina URS Anne Jahren NOR Women
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Women 9 February 1984 52 15 Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen FIN Raisa Smetanina URS Brit Pettersen NOR Women
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Women 12 February 1984 52 14 Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen FIN Berit Aunli NOR Květa Jeriová TCH Women
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 16 February 1984 68 17 Sweden SWE Soviet Union URS Finland FIN Men
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Men 19 February 1984 54 21 Thomas Wassberg SWE Gunde Svan SWE Aki Karvonen FIN Men
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Men 10 February 1984 72 26 Nikolay Zimyatov URS Aleksandr Zavyalov URS Gunde Svan SWE Men
XIV 1984 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Men 13 February 1984 91 31 Gunde Svan SWE Aki Karvonen FIN Harri Kirvesniemi FIN Men
XIV 1984 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 11 -12 February 1984 28 11 Tom Sandberg NOR Jouko Karjalainen FIN Jukka Ylipulli FIN Men
XIV 1984 Luge Singles, Women 9 -12 February 1984 27 15 Steffi Martin GDR Bettina Schmidt GDR Ute Weiß GDR Women
XIV 1984 Luge Singles, Men 9 -12 February 1984 32 16 Paul Hildgartner ITA Sergey Danilin URS Valery Dudin URS Men
XIV 1984 Bobsleigh Four, Men 17 -18 February 1984 96 15 East Germany 1 GDR East Germany 2 GDR Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XIV 1984 Bobsleigh Two, Men 10 -11 February 1984 56 16 East Germany 2 GDR East Germany 1 GDR Soviet Union 2 URS Men
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 15 February 1984 26 14 Andrea Schöne GDR Karin Enke GDR Gabi Schönbrunn GDR Women
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 9 February 1984 32 15 Karin Enke GDR Andrea Schöne GDR Nataliya Petrusyova URS Women
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 13 February 1984 38 17 Karin Enke GDR Andrea Schöne GDR Nataliya Petrusyova URS Women
XIV 1984 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 10 February 1984 33 16 Christa Rothenburger GDR Karin Enke GDR Nataliya Glebova URS Women
XIV 1984 Luge Doubles, Open 15 February 1984 30 9 West Germany 1 FRG Soviet Union 1 URS East Germany 1 GDR Open
XIV 1984 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 18 February 1984 53 17 Matti Nykänen FIN Jens Weißflog GDR Pavel Ploc TCH Men
XIV 1984 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 7 -19 February 1984 239 12 Soviet Union URS Czechoslovakia TCH Sweden SWE Men
XIV 1984 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 17 February 1984 68 17 Soviet Union URS Norway NOR West Germany FRG Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 20 -21 February 1988 39 14 Anita Wachter AUT Brigitte Oertli SUI Maria Walliser SUI Women
XV 1988 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 27 February 1988 28 13 Yvonne van Gennip NED Karin Kania GDR Andrea Ehrig GDR Women
XV 1988 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 26 February 1988 27 12 Christa Rothenburger GDR Karin Kania GDR Bonnie Blair USA Women
XV 1988 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 22 February 1988 30 15 Bonnie Blair USA Christa Rothenburger GDR Karin Kania GDR Women
XV 1988 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 21 February 1988 32 19 Tomas Gustafson SWE Michael Hadschieff AUT Leo Visser NED Men
XV 1988 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 17 February 1988 38 18 Tomas Gustafson SWE Leo Visser NED Gerard Kemkers NED Men
XV 1988 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 20 February 1988 40 20 André Hoffmann GDR Eric Flaim USA Michael Hadschieff AUT Men
XV 1988 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 18 February 1988 40 16 Nikolay Gulyayev URS Uwe-Jens Mey GDR Ihar Zhaliasouski URS Men
XV 1988 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 14 February 1988 37 15 Uwe-Jens Mey GDR Jan Ykema NED Akira Kuroiwa JPN Men
XV 1988 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 13 -28 February 1988 265 12 Soviet Union URS Finland FIN Sweden SWE Men
XV 1988 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 26 February 1988 64 16 Soviet Union URS West Germany FRG Italy ITA Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 15 February 1988 51 18 Pirmin Zurbriggen SUI Peter Müller SUI Franck Piccard FRA Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 21 February 1988 94 34 Franck Piccard FRA Helmut Mayer AUT Lars-Börje Eriksson SWE Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 25 February 1988 117 38 Alberto Tomba ITA Hubert Strolz AUT Pirmin Zurbriggen SUI Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 27 February 1988 109 37 Alberto Tomba ITA Frank Wörndl FRG Paul Frommelt LIE Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 16 -17 February 1988 56 20 Hubert Strolz AUT Bernhard Gstrein AUT Paul Accola SUI Men
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 19 February 1988 35 14 Marina Kiehl FRG Brigitte Oertli SUI Karen Percy CAN Women
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 22 February 1988 46 20 Sigrid Wolf AUT Michela Figini SUI Karen Percy CAN Women
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 24 February 1988 64 26 Vreni Schneider SUI Christa Kinshofer-Güthlein FRG Maria Walliser SUI Women
XV 1988 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 26 February 1988 57 25 Vreni Schneider SUI Mateja Svet YUG Christa Kinshofer-Güthlein FRG Women
XV 1988 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 20 February 1988 71 21 Frank-Peter Roetsch GDR Valery Medvedtsev URS Johann Passler ITA Men
XV 1988 Figure Skating Singles, Men 17 -20 February 1988 28 21 Brian Boitano USA Brian Orser CAN Viktor Petrenko URS Men
XV 1988 Figure Skating Singles, Women 24 -27 February 1988 31 23 Katarina Witt GDR Elizabeth Manley CAN Debi Thomas USA Women
XV 1988 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 14 -16 February 1988 30 8 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS United States 1 USA Mixed
XV 1988 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 21 -23 February 1988 40 14 Soviet Union 1 URS Soviet Union 2 URS Canada 1 CAN Mixed
XV 1988 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 14 February 1988 58 19 Matti Nykänen FIN Pavel Ploc TCH Jiří Malec TCH Men
XV 1988 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 23 February 1988 55 18 Matti Nykänen FIN Erik Johnsen NOR Matjaž Debelak YUG Men
XV 1988 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 23 February 1988 29 16 Yvonne van Gennip NED Andrea Ehrig GDR Gabi Zange GDR Women
XV 1988 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 28 February 1988 25 14 Yvonne van Gennip NED Andrea Ehrig GDR Gabi Zange GDR Women
XV 1988 Bobsleigh Two, Men 20 -21 February 1988 82 23 Soviet Union 1 URS East Germany 1 GDR East Germany 2 GDR Men
XV 1988 Bobsleigh Four, Men 27 -28 February 1988 104 17 Switzerland 1 SUI East Germany 1 GDR Soviet Union 2 URS Men
XV 1988 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 24 February 1988 44 11 Finland FIN Yugoslavia YUG Norway NOR Men
XV 1988 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 27 -28 February 1988 43 13 Hippolyt Kempf SUI Klaus Sulzenbacher AUT Allar Levandi URS Men
XV 1988 Nordic Combined Team, Men 23 -24 February 1988 32 11 West Germany FRG Switzerland SUI Austria AUT Men
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 21 February 1988 48 12 Soviet Union URS Norway NOR Finland FIN Women
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 20 kilometres, Freestyle, Women 25 February 1988 55 18 Tamara Tikhonova URS Anfisa Reztsova URS Raisa Smetanina URS Women
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Women 14 February 1988 52 17 Vida VencienÄ— URS Raisa Smetanina URS Marjo Matikainen FIN Women
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Classical, Women 17 February 1988 55 17 Marjo Matikainen FIN Tamara Tikhonova URS Vida VencienÄ— URS Women
XV 1988 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 23 February 1988 72 22 Frank-Peter Roetsch GDR Valery Medvedtsev URS Sergey Chepikov URS Men
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 27 February 1988 70 23 Gunde Svan SWE Maurilio De Zolt ITA Andi Grünenfelder SUI Men
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Classical, Men 15 February 1988 90 32 Aleksey Prokurorov URS Vladimir Smirnov URS Vegard Ulvang NOR Men
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Men 19 February 1988 90 32 Mikhail Devyatyarov URS PÃ¥l Gunnar Mikkelsplass NOR Vladimir Smirnov URS Men
XV 1988 Luge Singles, Women 16 -18 February 1988 24 14 Steffi Walter GDR Ute Oberhoffner GDR Cerstin Schmidt GDR Women
XV 1988 Luge Doubles, Open 19 February 1988 36 11 East Germany 1 GDR East Germany 2 GDR West Germany 1 FRG Open
XV 1988 Luge Singles, Men 14 -15 February 1988 38 18 Jens Müller GDR Georg Hackl FRG Yury Kharchenko URS Men
XV 1988 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 22 February 1988 64 16 Sweden SWE Soviet Union URS Czechoslovakia TCH Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 9 February 1992 55 24 Patrick Ortlieb AUT Franck Piccard FRA Günther Mader AUT Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 16 February 1992 118 43 Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Marc Girardelli LUX Jan Einar Thorsen NOR Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 18 February 1992 131 47 Alberto Tomba ITA Marc Girardelli LUX Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 22 February 1992 119 44 Finn Christian Jagge NOR Alberto Tomba ITA Michael Tritscher AUT Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 10 -11 February 1992 66 27 Josef Polig ITA Gianfranco Martin ITA Steve Locher SUI Men
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 20 February 1992 63 31 Petra Kronberger AUT Annelise Coberger NZL Blanca Fernández Ochoa ESP Women
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 18 February 1992 59 26 Deborah Compagnoni ITA Carole Merle FRA Katja Seizinger GER Women
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 19 February 1992 69 32 Pernilla Wiberg SWE Anita Wachter AUT — Women
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 12 -13 February 1992 40 18 Petra Kronberger AUT Anita Wachter AUT Florence Masnada FRA Women
XVI 1992 Figure Skating Singles, Men 13 -15 February 1992 30 22 Viktor Petrenko EUN Paul Wylie USA Petr Barna TCH Men
XVI 1992 Figure Skating Singles, Women 19 -21 February 1992 29 21 Kristi Yamaguchi USA Midori Ito JPN Nancy Kerrigan USA Women
XVI 1992 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 15 February 1992 30 12 Kerrin Lee-Gartner CAN Hilary Lindh USA Veronika Wallinger AUT Women
XVI 1992 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 9 -11 February 1992 36 11 Unified Team 1 EUN Unified Team 2 EUN Canada 1 CAN Mixed
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 9 February 1992 26 12 Gunda Niemann GER Heike Warnicke GER Emese Hunyady AUT Women
XVI 1992 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 14 -17 February 1992 38 12 Unified Team 1 EUN France 1 FRA Unified Team 2 EUN Mixed
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 22 February 1992 73 29 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Maurilio De Zolt ITA Giorgio Vanzetta ITA Men
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 10/15 kilometres Pursuit, Men 13 February 1992 102 39 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Vegard Ulvang NOR Giorgio Vanzetta ITA Men
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 18 February 1992 64 16 Norway NOR Italy ITA Finland FIN Men
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Classical, Women 13 February 1992 62 21 Marjut Lukkarinen FIN Lyubov Yegorova EUN Yelena Välbe EUN Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Women 9 February 1992 53 21 Lyubov Yegorova EUN Marjut Lukkarinen FIN Yelena Välbe EUN Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Freestyle, Women 21 February 1992 57 19 Stefania Belmondo ITA Lyubov Yegorova EUN Yelena Välbe EUN Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 5/10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 13 February 1992 58 21 Lyubov Yegorova EUN Stefania Belmondo ITA Yelena Välbe EUN Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 17 February 1992 52 13 Unified Team EUN Norway NOR Italy ITA Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Classical, Men 10 February 1992 87 34 Vegard Ulvang NOR Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Terje Langli NOR Men
XVI 1992 Luge Singles, Men 9 -10 February 1992 34 18 Georg Hackl GER Markus Prock AUT Markus Schmidt AUT Men
XVI 1992 Luge Singles, Women 11 -12 February 1992 24 12 Doris Neuner AUT Angelika Neuner AUT Susi Erdmann GER Women
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 15 February 1992 43 17 Uwe-Jens Mey GER Toshiyuki Kuroiwa JPN Junichi Inoue JPN Men
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 18 February 1992 46 21 Olaf Zinke GER Kim Yun-Man KOR Yukinori Miyabe JPN Men
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 16 February 1992 46 21 Johann Olav Koss NOR Ådne Søndrål NOR Leo Visser NED Men
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 13 February 1992 36 20 Geir Karlstad NOR Falko Zandstra NED Leo Visser NED Men
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 20 February 1992 30 15 Bart Veldkamp NED Johann Olav Koss NOR Geir Karlstad NOR Men
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 10 February 1992 34 12 Bonnie Blair USA Ye Qiaobo CHN Christa Luding GER Women
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 12 February 1992 33 14 Jacqueline Börner GER Gunda Niemann GER Seiko Hashimoto JPN Women
XVI 1992 Luge Doubles, Open 14 February 1992 40 15 Germany 1 GER Germany 2 GER Italy 1 ITA Open
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 17 February 1992 24 11 Gunda Niemann GER Heike Warnicke GER Claudia Pechstein GER Women
XVI 1992 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Men 13 February 1992 110 39 Vegard Ulvang NOR Marco Albarello ITA Christer Majbäck SWE Men
XVI 1992 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 16 February 1992 59 17 Toni Nieminen FIN Martin Höllwarth AUT Heinz Kuttin AUT Men
XVI 1992 Nordic Combined Team, Men 16 -17 February 1992 33 11 Japan JPN Norway NOR Austria AUT Men
XVI 1992 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 11 -12 February 1992 45 12 Fabrice Guy FRA Sylvain Guillaume FRA Klaus Sulzenbacher AUT Men
XVI 1992 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 12 February 1992 94 27 Mark Kirchner GER Ricco Groß GER Harri Eloranta FIN Men
XVI 1992 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 20 February 1992 94 27 Yauhen Redzkin EUN Mark Kirchner GER Mikael Löfgren SWE Men
XVI 1992 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 16 February 1992 84 21 Germany GER Unified Team EUN Sweden SWE Men
XVI 1992 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 11 February 1992 69 20 Anfisa Reztsova EUN Antje Misersky GER Yelena Belova EUN Women
XVI 1992 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 19 February 1992 68 20 Antje Misersky GER Svetlana Pechorskaya EUN Myriam Bédard CAN Women
XVI 1992 Biathlon 3 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Women 14 February 1992 48 16 France FRA Germany GER Unified Team EUN Women
XVI 1992 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 14 February 1992 54 14 Finland FIN Austria AUT Czechoslovakia TCH Men
XVI 1992 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 12 -13 February 1992 47 17 Edgar Grospiron FRA Olivier Allamand FRA Nelson Carmichael USA Men
XVI 1992 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 18 -20 February 1992 28 16 Kim Gi-Hun KOR Frédéric Blackburn CAN Lee Jun-Ho KOR Men
XVI 1992 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 18 -22 February 1992 37 9 Republic of Korea KOR Canada CAN Japan JPN Men
XVI 1992 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 18 -20 February 1992 27 14 Cathy Turner USA Li Yan CHN Hwang Ok-Sil PRK Women
XVI 1992 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 20 February 1992 32 8 Canada CAN United States USA Unified Team EUN Women
XVI 1992 Bobsleigh Two, Men 15 -16 February 1992 92 25 Switzerland 1 SUI Germany 1 GER Germany 2 GER Men
XVI 1992 Bobsleigh Four, Men 21 -22 February 1992 124 20 Austria 1 AUT Germany 1 GER Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XVI 1992 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 8 -23 February 1992 267 12 Unified Team EUN Canada CAN Czechoslovakia TCH Men
XVI 1992 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 9 February 1992 58 16 Ernst Vettori AUT Martin Höllwarth AUT Toni Nieminen FIN Men
XVI 1992 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 12 -13 February 1992 24 11 Donna Weinbrecht USA Yelizaveta Kozhevnikova EUN Stine Lise Hattestad NOR Women
XVI 1992 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 14 February 1992 36 14 Bonnie Blair USA Ye Qiaobo CHN Monique Garbrecht GER Women
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 26 February 1994 30 15 Jeon I-Gyeong KOR Nathalie Lambert CAN Kim So-Hui KOR Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 17 February 1994 27 14 Svetlana Bazhanova RUS Emese Hunyady AUT Claudia Pechstein GER Women
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 20 -21 February 1994 41 20 Pernilla Wiberg SWE Vreni Schneider SUI Alenka Dovžan SLO Women
XVII 1994 Figure Skating Singles, Men 17 -19 February 1994 25 17 Aleksey Urmanov RUS Elvis Stojko CAN Philippe Candeloro FRA Men
XVII 1994 Figure Skating Singles, Women 23 -25 February 1994 27 16 Oksana Baiul UKR Nancy Kerrigan USA Chen Lu CHN Women
XVII 1994 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 13 -15 February 1994 36 10 Russian Federation 1 RUS Russian Federation 2 RUS Canada 1 CAN Mixed
XVII 1994 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 18 -21 February 1994 42 15 Russian Federation 1 RUS Russian Federation 2 RUS Great Britain GBR Mixed
XVII 1994 Nordic Combined Team, Men 23 -24 February 1994 36 12 Japan JPN Norway NOR Switzerland SUI Men
XVII 1994 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 23 February 1994 68 28 Sergey Chepikov RUS Ricco Groß GER Sergey Tarasov RUS Men
XVII 1994 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 20 February 1994 70 28 Sergey Tarasov RUS Frank Luck GER Sven Fischer GER Men
XVII 1994 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 15 February 1994 72 18 Germany GER Russian Federation RUS France FRA Men
XVII 1994 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 23 February 1994 69 28 Myriam Bédard CAN Sviatlana Paramihina BLR Valentyna Tserbe-Nesina UKR Women
XVII 1994 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 18 February 1994 69 28 Myriam Bédard CAN Anne Briand-Bouthiaux FRA Uschi Disl GER Women
XVII 1994 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Women 25 February 1994 68 17 Russian Federation RUS Germany GER France FRA Women
XVII 1994 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 15 -16 February 1994 29 16 Jean-Luc Brassard CAN Sergey Shupletsov RUS Edgar Grospiron FRA Men
XVII 1994 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 21 -24 February 1994 24 14 Sonny Schönbächler SUI Philippe LaRoche CAN Lloyd Langlois CAN Men
XVII 1994 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 15 -16 February 1994 24 13 Stine Lise Hattestad NOR Liz McIntyre USA Yelizaveta Kozhevnikova RUS Women
XVII 1994 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 21 -24 February 1994 22 13 Lina Cheryazova UZB Marie Lindgren SWE Hilde Synnøve Lid NOR Women
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 24 -26 February 1994 31 16 Chae Ji-Hun KOR Mirko Vuillermin ITA Nicky Gooch GBR Men
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 22 February 1994 31 16 Kim Gi-Hun KOR Chae Ji-Hun KOR Marc Gagnon CAN Men
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 24 -26 February 1994 33 8 Italy ITA United States USA Australia AUS Men
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 24 February 1994 30 15 Cathy Turner USA Zhang Yanmei CHN Amy Peterson USA Women
XVII 1994 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 22 February 1994 33 8 Republic of Korea KOR Canada CAN United States USA Women
XVII 1994 Bobsleigh Two, Men 19 -20 February 1994 86 30 Switzerland 1 SUI Switzerland 2 SUI Italy 1 ITA Men
XVII 1994 Bobsleigh Four, Men 26 -27 February 1994 121 21 Germany 2 GER Switzerland 1 SUI Germany 1 GER Men
XVII 1994 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 12 -27 February 1994 268 12 Sweden SWE Canada CAN Finland FIN Men
XVII 1994 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 25 February 1994 58 19 Espen Bredesen NOR Lasse Ottesen NOR Dieter Thoma GER Men
XVII 1994 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 20 February 1994 58 19 Jens Weißflog GER Espen Bredesen NOR Andi Goldberger AUT Men
XVII 1994 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 22 February 1994 48 12 Germany GER Japan JPN Austria AUT Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 26 February 1994 55 22 Vreni Schneider SUI Elfi Eder AUT Katja Koren SLO Women
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 24 February 1994 47 19 Deborah Compagnoni ITA Martina Ertl GER Vreni Schneider SUI Women
XVII 1994 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 18 -19 February 1994 53 16 Fred Børre Lundberg NOR Takanori Kono JPN Bjarte Engen Vik NOR Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 19 February 1994 48 19 Katja Seizinger GER Picabo Street USA Isolde Kostner ITA Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 21 February 1994 30 11 Emese Hunyady AUT Svetlana Fedotkina RUS Gunda Niemann GER Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 23 February 1994 36 12 Bonnie Blair USA Anke Baier GER Ye Qiaobo CHN Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 19 February 1994 34 12 Bonnie Blair USA Susan Auch CAN Franziska Schenk GER Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 20 February 1994 16 10 Johann Olav Koss NOR Kjell Storelid NOR Bart Veldkamp NED Men
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 13 February 1994 32 17 Johann Olav Koss NOR Kjell Storelid NOR Rintje Ritsma NED Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 15 February 1994 55 23 Diann Roffe-Steinrotter USA Svetlana Gladysheva RUS Isolde Kostner ITA Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 18 February 1994 43 17 Dan Jansen USA Ihar Zhaliasouski BLR Sergey Klevchenya RUS Men
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 14 February 1994 40 16 Aleksandr Golubev RUS Sergey Klevchenya RUS Manabu Horii JPN Men
XVII 1994 Luge Singles, Women 15 -16 February 1994 25 14 Gerda Weissensteiner ITA Susi Erdmann GER Andrea Tagwerker AUT Women
XVII 1994 Luge Doubles, Open 18 February 1994 40 15 Italy 1 ITA Italy 2 ITA Germany 1 GER Open
XVII 1994 Luge Singles, Men 13 -14 February 1994 33 18 Georg Hackl GER Markus Prock AUT Armin Zöggeler ITA Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 21 February 1994 56 14 Russian Federation RUS Norway NOR Italy ITA Women
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 5/10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 15 February 1994 55 17 Lyubov Yegorova RUS Manuela Di Centa ITA Stefania Belmondo ITA Women
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Classical, Women 24 February 1994 53 19 Manuela Di Centa ITA Marit Wold NOR Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi FIN Women
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 16 February 1994 44 17 Johann Olav Koss NOR Rintje Ritsma NED Falko Zandstra NED Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Classical, Women 15 February 1994 62 19 Lyubov Yegorova RUS Manuela Di Centa ITA Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi FIN Women
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Freestyle, Women 13 February 1994 54 19 Manuela Di Centa ITA Lyubov Yegorova RUS Nina Gavrylyuk RUS Women
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 14 -25 February 1994 56 27 Lasse Kjus NOR Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Harald Christian Strand Nilsen NOR Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 27 February 1994 57 25 Thomas Stangassinger AUT Alberto Tomba ITA Jure Košir SLO Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 17 February 1994 69 28 Markus Wasmeier GER Tommy Moe USA Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Men
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 13 February 1994 55 26 Tommy Moe USA Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Ed Podivinsky CAN Men
XVII 1994 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 25 February 1994 16 9 Claudia Pechstein GER Gunda Niemann GER Hiromi Yamamoto JPN Women
XVII 1994 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 23 February 1994 61 29 Markus Wasmeier GER Urs Kälin SUI Christian Mayer AUT Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Men 17 February 1994 88 33 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Vladimir Smirnov KAZ Marco Albarello ITA Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 14 February 1994 74 28 Thomas Alsgaard NOR Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Mika Myllylä FIN Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Classical, Men 27 February 1994 66 25 Vladimir Smirnov KAZ Mika Myllylä FIN Sture Sivertsen NOR Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 10/15 kilometres Pursuit, Men 17 February 1994 76 31 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Vladimir Smirnov KAZ Silvio Fauner ITA Men
XVII 1994 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 22 February 1994 56 14 Italy ITA Norway NOR Finland FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 16 -17 February 1998 29 17 Katja Seizinger GER Martina Ertl GER Hilde Gerg GER Women
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 17 February 1998 30 16 Kim Dong-Seong KOR Li Jiajun CHN Éric Bédard CAN Men
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 19 -21 February 1998 30 16 Takafumi Nishitani JPN An Yulong CHN Hitoshi Uematsu JPN Men
XVIII 1998 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 13 -16 February 1998 48 16 Russian Federation 1 RUS Russian Federation 2 RUS France 1 FRA Mixed
XVIII 1998 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 8 -10 February 1998 40 14 Russian Federation 1 RUS Russian Federation 2 RUS Germany 1 GER Mixed
XVIII 1998 Figure Skating Singles, Men 12 -14 February 1998 29 24 Ilya Kulik RUS Elvis Stojko CAN Philippe Candeloro FRA Men
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 19 -21 February 1998 34 8 Canada CAN Republic of Korea KOR People’s Republic of China CHN Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 19 February 1998 57 27 Hilde Gerg GER Deborah Compagnoni ITA Zali Steggall AUS Women
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 19 February 1998 62 28 Hermann Maier AUT Stephan Eberharter AUT Michael von Grünigen SUI Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 11 February 1998 43 19 Picabo Street USA Michaela Dorfmeister AUT Alexandra Meissnitzer AUT Women
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 16 February 1998 39 16 Katja Seizinger GER Pernilla Wiberg SWE Florence Masnada FRA Women
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 9 -13 February 1998 38 21 Mario Reiter AUT Lasse Kjus NOR Christian Mayer AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 21 February 1998 65 31 Hans Petter Buraas NOR Ole Kristian Furuseth NOR Thomas Sykora AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 16 February 1998 45 22 Hermann Maier AUT Hans Knauß AUT — Men
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 13 February 1998 43 18 Jean-Luc Crétier FRA Lasse Kjus NOR Hannes Trinkl AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 19 February 1998 32 13 Annie Perreault CAN Yang Yang (S) CHN Jeon I-Gyeong KOR Women
XVIII 1998 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 20 February 1998 56 25 Deborah Compagnoni ITA Alexandra Meissnitzer AUT Katja Seizinger GER Women
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 21 February 1998 31 13 Jeon I-Gyeong KOR Yang Yang (S) CHN Won Hye-Gyeong KOR Women
XVIII 1998 Figure Skating Singles, Women 18 -20 February 1998 28 21 Tara Lipinski USA Michelle Kwan USA Chen Lu CHN Women
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 18 February 1998 73 30 Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Frode Andresen NOR Ville Räikkönen FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 22 February 1998 75 28 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Niklas Jonsson SWE Christian Hoffmann AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 10/15 kilometres Pursuit, Men 12 February 1998 74 29 Thomas Alsgaard NOR Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Vladimir Smirnov KAZ Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 18 February 1998 80 20 Norway NOR Italy ITA Finland FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 5 kilometres, Classical, Women 9 February 1998 79 26 Larisa Lazutina RUS Kateřina Neumannová CZE Bente Martinsen NOR Women
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Women 8 February 1998 65 24 Olga Danilova RUS Larisa Lazutina RUS Anita Moen-Guidon NOR Women
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Freestyle, Women 20 February 1998 63 25 Yuliya Chepalova RUS Stefania Belmondo ITA Larisa Lazutina RUS Women
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 5/10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 10 February 1998 69 25 Larisa Lazutina RUS Olga Danilova RUS Kateřina Neumannová CZE Women
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 16 February 1998 64 16 Russian Federation RUS Norway NOR Italy ITA Women
XVIII 1998 Luge Singles, Men 8 - 9 February 1998 34 18 Georg Hackl GER Armin Zöggeler ITA Jens Müller GER Men
XVIII 1998 Luge Doubles, Open 13 February 1998 34 11 Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA United States 2 USA Open
XVIII 1998 Luge Singles, Women 10 -11 February 1998 29 15 Silke Kraushaar GER Babsi Niedernhuber GER Angelika Neuner AUT Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 9 -10 February 1998 42 16 Hiroyasu Shimizu JPN Jeremy Wotherspoon CAN Kevin Overland CAN Men
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 15 February 1998 43 17 Ids Postma NED Jan Bos NED Hiroyasu Shimizu JPN Men
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 12 February 1998 44 18 Ådne Søndrål NOR Ids Postma NED Rintje Ritsma NED Men
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 8 February 1998 32 19 Gianni Romme NED Rintje Ritsma NED Bart Veldkamp BEL Men
XVIII 1998 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 17 February 1998 33 8 Republic of Korea KOR People’s Republic of China CHN Canada CAN Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 13 -14 February 1998 38 14 Catriona Le May Doan CAN Susan Auch CAN Tomomi Okazaki JPN Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 19 February 1998 40 14 Marianne Timmer NED Chris Witty USA Catriona Le May Doan CAN Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 16 February 1998 34 15 Marianne Timmer NED Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann GER Chris Witty USA Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 11 February 1998 31 16 Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann GER Claudia Pechstein GER Anni Friesinger GER Women
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 20 February 1998 15 9 Claudia Pechstein GER Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann GER Lyudmila Prokashova KAZ Women
XVIII 1998 Curling Curling, Men 9 -15 February 1998 40 8 Switzerland SUI Canada CAN Norway NOR Men
XVIII 1998 Curling Curling, Women 9 -15 February 1998 40 8 Canada CAN Denmark DEN Sweden SWE Women
XVIII 1998 Nordic Combined Team, Men 19 -20 February 1998 44 11 Norway NOR Finland FIN France FRA Men
XVIII 1998 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 13 -14 February 1998 48 14 Bjarte Engen Vik NOR Samppa Lajunen FIN Valery Stolyarov RUS Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Classical, Men 9 February 1998 72 27 Mika Myllylä FIN Erling Jevne NOR Silvio Fauner ITA Men
XVIII 1998 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Men 12 February 1998 97 35 Bjørn Dæhlie NOR Markus Gandler AUT Mika Myllylä FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 17 February 1998 16 9 Gianni Romme NED Bob de Jong NED Rintje Ritsma NED Men
XVIII 1998 Snowboarding Giant Slalom, Women 9 February 1998 31 14 Karine Ruby FRA Heidi Renoth GER Brigitte Köck AUT Women
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 11 February 1998 72 29 Halvard Hanevold NOR Pieralberto Carrara ITA Aliaksei Aydarau BLR Men
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 21 February 1998 72 18 Germany GER Norway NOR Russian Federation RUS Men
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 15 February 1998 64 24 Galina Kukleva RUS Uschi Disl GER Katrin Apel GER Women
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 9 February 1998 64 24 Ekaterina Dafovska BUL Olena Petrova UKR Uschi Disl GER Women
XVIII 1998 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Women 19 February 1998 68 17 Germany GER Russian Federation RUS Norway NOR Women
XVIII 1998 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 8 -11 February 1998 33 13 Jonny Moseley USA Janne Lahtela FIN Sami Mustonen FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 16 -18 February 1998 25 14 Eric Bergoust USA Sébastien Foucras FRA Dzmitry Dashchynski BLR Men
XVIII 1998 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 8 -11 February 1998 28 16 Tae Satoya JPN Tatjana Mittermayer GER Kari Traa NOR Women
XVIII 1998 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 16 -18 February 1998 24 12 Nikki Stone USA Xu Nannan CHN Colette Brand SUI Women
XVIII 1998 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 11 February 1998 62 19 Jani Soininen FIN Kazuyoshi Funaki JPN Andreas Widhölzl AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 15 February 1998 62 19 Kazuyoshi Funaki JPN Jani Soininen FIN Masahiko Harada JPN Men
XVIII 1998 Bobsleigh Two, Men 14 -15 February 1998 76 24 Canada 1 CAN — Germany 1 GER Men
XVIII 1998 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 17 February 1998 52 13 Japan JPN Germany GER Austria AUT Men
XVIII 1998 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 7 -22 February 1998 306 14 Czech Republic CZE Russian Federation RUS Finland FIN Men
XVIII 1998 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 8 -17 February 1998 120 6 United States USA Canada CAN Finland FIN Women
XVIII 1998 Snowboarding Giant Slalom, Men 8 February 1998 34 14 Ross Rebagliati CAN Thomas Prugger ITA Ueli Kestenholz SUI Men
XVIII 1998 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 12 February 1998 26 11 Nicola Thost GER Stine Brun Kjeldaas NOR Shannon Dunn USA Women
XVIII 1998 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 12 February 1998 36 12 Gian Simmen SUI Daniel Franck NOR Ross Powers USA Men
XVIII 1998 Bobsleigh Four, Men 20 -21 February 1998 128 25 Germany 2 GER Switzerland 1 SUI France FRA Men
XIX 2002 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 16 -18 February 2002 21 10 Alisa Camplin AUS Veronica Brenner CAN Deidra Dionne CAN Women
XIX 2002 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 16 -19 February 2002 25 11 Aleš Valenta CZE Joe Pack USA Aliaksei Hryshyn BLR Men
XIX 2002 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 9 February 2002 29 14 Kari Traa NOR Shannon Bahrke USA Tae Satoya JPN Women
XIX 2002 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 12 February 2002 30 12 Janne Lahtela FIN Travis Mayer USA Richard Gay FRA Men
XIX 2002 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Women 18 February 2002 60 15 Germany GER Norway NOR Russian Federation RUS Women
XIX 2002 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 11 February 2002 71 26 Andrea Henkel GER Liv Grete Skjelbreid-Poirée NOR Magdalena Forsberg SWE Women
XIX 2002 Biathlon 10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 16 February 2002 52 20 Olga Pylyova RUS Kati Wilhelm GER Irina Nikulchina BUL Women
XIX 2002 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 13 February 2002 74 27 Kati Wilhelm GER Uschi Disl GER Magdalena Forsberg SWE Women
XIX 2002 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 20 February 2002 26 18 Jim Shea, Jr.  USA Martin Rettl AUT Gregor Stähli SUI Men
XIX 2002 Bobsleigh Four, Men 22 -23 February 2002 135 26 Germany 2 GER United States 1 USA United States 2 USA Men
XIX 2002 Bobsleigh Two, Men 16 -17 February 2002 75 27 Germany 1 GER Switzerland 1 SUI Switzerland 2 SUI Men
XIX 2002 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 20 February 2002 76 19 Norway NOR Germany GER France FRA Men
XIX 2002 Bobsleigh Two, Women 19 February 2002 30 11 United States 2 USA Germany 1 GER Germany 2 GER Women
XIX 2002 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 9 -24 February 2002 312 14 Canada CAN United States USA Russian Federation RUS Men
XIX 2002 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 11 -21 February 2002 156 8 Canada CAN United States USA Sweden SWE Women
XIX 2002 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 10 February 2002 60 22 Simon Ammann SUI Sven Hannawald GER Adam Małysz POL Men
XIX 2002 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 12 -13 February 2002 66 22 Simon Ammann SUI Adam Małysz POL Matti Hautamäki FIN Men
XIX 2002 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 18 February 2002 52 13 Germany GER Finland FIN Slovenia SLO Men
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Men 19 February 2002 71 36 Tor-Arne Hetland NOR Peter Schlickenrieder GER Cristian Zorzi ITA Men
XIX 2002 Skeleton Skeleton, Women 20 February 2002 13 10 Tristan Gale USA Lea Ann Parsley USA Alex Coomber GBR Women
XIX 2002 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 11 February 2002 87 34 Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Frank Luck GER Viktor Maygurov RUS Men
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 13 February 2002 47 19 Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Bode Miller USA Benjamin Raich AUT Men
XIX 2002 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 13 February 2002 87 34 Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Sven Fischer GER Wolfgang Perner AUT Men
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 13 -16 February 2002 32 20 Steven Bradbury AUS Apolo Anton Ohno USA Mathieu Turcotte CAN Men
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 20 February 2002 31 19 Apolo Anton Ohno USA Li Jiajun CHN Marc Gagnon CAN Men
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 23 February 2002 32 20 Marc Gagnon CAN Jonathan Guilmette CAN Rusty Smith USA Men
XIX 2002 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 15 -18 February 2002 48 17 France 1 FRA Russian Federation 1 RUS Italy 1 ITA Mixed
XIX 2002 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 9 -11 February 2002 40 12 Canada 1 CAN — People’s Republic of China 1 CHN Mixed
XIX 2002 Figure Skating Singles, Women 19 -21 February 2002 27 19 Sarah Hughes USA Irina Slutskaya RUS Michelle Kwan USA Women
XIX 2002 Figure Skating Singles, Men 12 -14 February 2002 28 20 Aleksey Yagudin RUS Yevgeny Plyushchenko RUS Timothy Goebel USA Men
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Men 12 February 2002 67 26 Andrus Veerpalu EST Frode Estil NOR Jaak Mae EST Men
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 14 February 2002 31 14 Janica Kostelić CRO Renate Götschl AUT Martina Ertl GER Women
XIX 2002 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Pursuit, Men 16 February 2002 57 23 Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Raphaël Poirée FRA Ricco Groß GER Men
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 20 February 2002 68 33 Janica Kostelić CRO Laure Pequegnot FRA Anja Pärson SWE Women
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 17 February 2002 43 20 Daniela Ceccarelli ITA Janica Kostelić CRO Karen Putzer ITA Women
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 12 February 2002 38 17 Carole Montillet FRA Isolde Kostner ITA Renate Götschl AUT Women
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 23 February 2002 77 43 Jean-Pierre Vidal FRA Sébastien Amiez FRA Benjamin Raich AUT Men
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 13 -23 February 2002 36 8 Canada CAN Italy ITA People’s Republic of China CHN Men
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 21 February 2002 78 39 Stephan Eberharter AUT Bode Miller USA Lasse Kjus NOR Men
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 16 February 2002 29 17 Yang Yang (A) CHN Evgeniya Radanova BUL Wang Chunlu CHN Women
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 20 -23 February 2002 28 16 Yang Yang (A) CHN Go Gi-Hyeon KOR Yang Yang (S) CHN Women
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 13 February 2002 28 17 Go Gi-Hyeon KOR Choi Eun-Gyeong KOR Evgeniya Radanova BUL Women
XIX 2002 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 16 -20 February 2002 35 8 Republic of Korea KOR People’s Republic of China CHN Canada CAN Women
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 22 February 2002 68 34 Janica Kostelić CRO Anja Pärson SWE Sonja Nef SUI Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Mass Start, Freestyle, Men 9 February 2002 78 32 Christian Hoffmann AUT Mikhail Botvinov AUT Kristen Skjeldal NOR Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 10 February 2002 32 16 Claudia Pechstein GER Renate Groenewold NED Cindy Klassen CAN Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 10/10 kilometres Pursuit, Men 14 February 2002 83 36 Frode Estil NOR — Per Elofsson SWE Men
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres, Classical, Men 23 February 2002 61 24 Mikhail Ivanov RUS Andrus Veerpalu EST Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset NOR Men
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 16 February 2002 55 23 Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Stephan Eberharter AUT Andreas Schifferer AUT Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 23 February 2002 16 7 Claudia Pechstein GER Gretha Smit NED Clara Hughes CAN Women
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 20 February 2002 39 17 Anni Friesinger GER Sabine Völker GER Jennifer Rodriguez USA Women
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 17 February 2002 36 14 Chris Witty USA Sabine Völker GER Jennifer Rodriguez USA Women
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 13 -14 February 2002 31 12 Catriona Le May Doan CAN Monique Garbrecht-Enfeldt GER Sabine Völker GER Women
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 22 February 2002 16 10 Jochem Uytdehaage NED Gianni Romme NED Lasse Sætre NOR Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 9 February 2002 32 14 Jochem Uytdehaage NED Derek Parra USA Jens Boden GER Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 19 February 2002 48 17 Derek Parra USA Jochem Uytdehaage NED Ådne Søndrål NOR Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 16 February 2002 44 18 Gerard van Velde NED Jan Bos NED Joey Cheek USA Men
XIX 2002 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 11 -12 February 2002 38 15 Casey FitzRandolph USA Hiroyasu Shimizu JPN Kip Carpenter USA Men
XIX 2002 Nordic Combined Sprint, Men 21 -22 February 2002 40 13 Samppa Lajunen FIN Ronny Ackermann GER Felix Gottwald AUT Men
XIX 2002 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 9 -10 February 2002 45 14 Samppa Lajunen FIN Jaakko Tallus FIN Felix Gottwald AUT Men
XIX 2002 Nordic Combined Team, Men 16 -17 February 2002 40 10 Finland FIN Germany GER Austria AUT Men
XIX 2002 Curling Curling, Women 11 -21 February 2002 47 10 Great Britain GBR Switzerland SUI Canada CAN Women
XIX 2002 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 10 February 2002 54 21 Fritz Strobl AUT Lasse Kjus NOR Stephan Eberharter AUT Men
XIX 2002 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 10 February 2002 23 12 Kelly Clark USA Doriane Vidal FRA Fabienne Reuteler SUI Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 17 February 2002 60 15 Norway NOR Italy ITA Germany GER Men
XIX 2002 Curling Curling, Men 11 -22 February 2002 49 10 Norway NOR Canada CAN Switzerland SUI Men
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Women 19 February 2002 58 24 Yuliya Chepalova RUS Evi Sachenbacher GER Anita Moen NOR Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Women 12 February 2002 61 23 Bente Skari NOR Yuliya Chepalova RUS Stefania Belmondo ITA Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres, Classical, Women 24 February 2002 50 17 Gabriella Paruzzi ITA Stefania Belmondo ITA Bente Skari NOR Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 5/5 kilometres Pursuit, Women 15 February 2002 73 27 Beckie Scott CAN Kateřina Neumannová CZE Viola Bauer GER Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Mass Start, Freestyle, Women 9 February 2002 60 23 Stefania Belmondo ITA Kateřina Neumannová CZE Yuliya Chepalova RUS Women
XIX 2002 Luge Singles, Men 10 -11 February 2002 50 23 Armin Zöggeler ITA Georg Hackl GER Markus Prock AUT Men
XIX 2002 Luge Doubles, Open 15 February 2002 38 12 Germany 2 GER United States 2 USA United States 1 USA Open
XIX 2002 Luge Singles, Women 12 -13 February 2002 29 15 Sylke Otto GER Babsi Niedernhuber GER Silke Kraushaar GER Women
XIX 2002 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Men 14 -15 February 2002 32 10 Philipp Schoch SUI Richard Richardsson SWE Chris Klug USA Men
XIX 2002 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 11 February 2002 33 12 Ross Powers USA Danny Kass USA JJ Thomas USA Men
XIX 2002 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Women 14 -15 February 2002 30 12 Isabelle Blanc FRA Karine Ruby FRA Lidia Trettel ITA Women
XIX 2002 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 21 February 2002 52 13 Germany GER Norway NOR Switzerland SUI Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Mass Start, Freestyle, Women 24 February 2006 61 22 Kateřina Neumannová CZE Yuliya Chepalova RUS Justyna Kowalczyk POL Women
XX 2006 Luge Doubles, Open 15 February 2006 42 13 Austria 1 AUT Germany 1 GER Italy 1 ITA Open
XX 2006 Luge Singles, Men 11 -12 February 2006 36 19 Armin Zöggeler ITA Albert Demchenko RUS Mārtiņš Rubenis LAT Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Classical, Women 14 February 2006 32 16 Sweden SWE Canada CAN Finland FIN Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 18 February 2006 68 17 Russian Federation RUS Germany GER Italy ITA Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres Skiathlon, Women 12 February 2006 67 28 Kristina Šmigun EST Kateřina Neumannová CZE Yevgeniya Medvedeva RUS Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Women 16 February 2006 72 29 Kristina Šmigun EST Marit Bjørgen NOR Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen NOR Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Men 17 February 2006 99 46 Andrus Veerpalu EST Lukáš Bauer CZE Tobias Angerer GER Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Classical, Men 14 February 2006 48 24 Sweden SWE Norway NOR Russian Federation RUS Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 19 February 2006 64 16 Italy ITA Germany GER Sweden SWE Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Skiathlon, Men 12 February 2006 76 27 Yevgeny Dementyev RUS Frode Estil NOR Pietro Piller Cottrer ITA Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres Mass Start, Freestyle, Men 26 February 2006 79 31 Giorgio Di Centa ITA Yevgeny Dementyev RUS Mikhail Botvinov AUT Men
XX 2006 Luge Singles, Women 13 -14 February 2006 30 15 Sylke Otto GER Silke Kraushaar GER Tatjana Hüfner GER Women
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Men 22 February 2006 80 34 Björn Lind SWE Roddy Darragon FRA Thobias Fredriksson SWE Men
XX 2006 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 20 February 2006 64 16 Austria AUT Finland FIN Norway NOR Men
XX 2006 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 17 -18 February 2006 69 21 Thomas Morgenstern AUT Andreas Kofler AUT Lars Bystøl NOR Men
XX 2006 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Women 22 February 2006 66 28 Chandra Crawford CAN Claudia Nystad GER Alyona Sidko RUS Women
XX 2006 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Men 22 February 2006 31 13 Philipp Schoch SUI Simon Schoch SUI Sigi Grabner AUT Men
XX 2006 Curling Curling, Men 13 -24 February 2006 45 10 Canada CAN Finland FIN United States USA Men
XX 2006 Snowboarding Boardercross, Men 16 February 2006 36 14 Seth Wescott USA Radoslav Židek SVK Paul-Henri De Le Rue FRA Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 12 February 2006 28 15 Ireen Wüst NED Renate Groenewold NED Cindy Klassen CAN Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 22 February 2006 35 13 Cindy Klassen CAN Kristina Groves CAN Ireen Wüst NED Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 19 February 2006 36 12 Marianne Timmer NED Cindy Klassen CAN Anni Friesinger GER Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 14 February 2006 30 10 Svetlana Zhurova RUS Wang Manli CHN Ren Hui CHN Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men 15 -16 February 2006 36 8 Italy ITA Canada CAN Netherlands NED Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 24 February 2006 16 8 Bob de Jong NED Chad Hedrick USA Carl Verheijen NED Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 11 February 2006 28 15 Chad Hedrick USA Sven Kramer NED Enrico Fabris ITA Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 21 February 2006 41 14 Enrico Fabris ITA Shani Davis USA Chad Hedrick USA Men
XX 2006 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 12 February 2006 44 17 Shaun White USA Danny Kass USA Markku Koski FIN Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 18 February 2006 41 13 Shani Davis USA Joey Cheek USA Erben Wennemars NED Men
XX 2006 Nordic Combined Sprint, Men 21 February 2006 48 15 Felix Gottwald AUT Magnus Moan NOR Georg Hettich GER Men
XX 2006 Nordic Combined Individual, Men 11 February 2006 50 15 Georg Hettich GER Felix Gottwald AUT Magnus Moan NOR Men
XX 2006 Nordic Combined Team, Men 15 -16 February 2006 40 10 Austria AUT Germany GER Finland FIN Men
XX 2006 Curling Curling, Women 13 -23 February 2006 46 10 Sweden SWE Switzerland SUI Canada CAN Women
XX 2006 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 11 -12 February 2006 69 21 Lars Bystøl NOR Matti Hautamäki FIN Roar Ljøkelsøy NOR Men
XX 2006 Snowboarding Boardercross, Women 17 February 2006 23 14 Tanja Frieden SUI Lindsey Jacobellis USA Dominique Maltais CAN Women
XX 2006 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 13 February 2006 34 16 Hannah Teter USA Gretchen Bleiler USA Kjersti Buaas NOR Women
XX 2006 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Women 23 February 2006 30 16 Daniela Meuli SUI Amelie Kober GER Rosey Fletcher USA Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 13 February 2006 37 12 Joey Cheek USA Dmitry Dorofeyev RUS Lee Gang-Seok KOR Men
XX 2006 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 11 -20 February 2006 160 8 Canada CAN Sweden SWE United States USA Women
XX 2006 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 21 -22 February 2006 23 9 Evelyne Leu SUI Li Nina CHN Alisa Camplin AUS Women
XX 2006 Bobsleigh Two, Women 19 -21 February 2006 32 10 Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA Italy 1 ITA Women
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 12 February 2006 28 16 Hyeon-Su An KOR Lee Ho-Seok KOR Li Jiajun CHN Men
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 15 -18 February 2006 26 17 Hyeon-Su An KOR Lee Ho-Seok KOR Apolo Anton Ohno USA Men
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 22 -25 February 2006 27 16 Apolo Anton Ohno USA François-Louis Tremblay CAN Hyeon-Su An KOR Men
XX 2006 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 17 -20 February 2006 48 15 Russian Federation 1 RUS United States 1 USA Ukraine 1 UKR Mixed
XX 2006 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 11 -13 February 2006 40 12 Russian Federation 1 RUS People’s Republic of China 1 CHN People’s Republic of China 3 CHN Mixed
XX 2006 Figure Skating Singles, Women 21 -23 February 2006 29 19 Shizuka Arakawa JPN Sasha Cohen USA Irina Slutskaya RUS Women
XX 2006 Figure Skating Singles, Men 14 -16 February 2006 30 22 Yevgeny Plyushchenko RUS Stéphane Lambiel SUI Jeff Buttle CAN Men
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Combined, Women 17 -18 February 2006 43 20 Janica Kostelić CRO Marlies Schild AUT Anja Pärson SWE Women
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 22 February 2006 64 33 Anja Pärson SWE Nicole Hosp AUT Marlies Schild AUT Women
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 24 February 2006 62 37 Julia Mancuso USA Tanja Poutiainen FIN Anna Ottosson SWE Women
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 20 February 2006 54 23 Michaela Dorfmeister AUT Janica Kostelić CRO Alexandra Meissnitzer AUT Women
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 15 February 2006 44 19 Michaela Dorfmeister AUT Martina Schild SUI Anja Pärson SWE Women
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Combined, Men 14 February 2006 59 27 Ted Ligety USA Ivica Kostelić CRO Rainer Schönfelder AUT Men
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 25 February 2006 93 48 Benjamin Raich AUT Reinfried Herbst AUT Rainer Schönfelder AUT Men
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 20 February 2006 82 46 Benjamin Raich AUT Joël Chenal FRA Hermann Maier AUT Men
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 18 February 2006 63 27 Kjetil André Aamodt NOR Hermann Maier AUT Ambrosi Hoffmann SUI Men
XX 2006 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 12 February 2006 55 25 Antoine Dénériaz FRA Michael Walchhofer AUT Bruno Kernen SUI Men
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 15 -25 February 2006 35 8 Republic of Korea KOR Canada CAN United States USA Men
XX 2006 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 15 -26 February 2006 282 12 Sweden SWE Finland FIN Czech Republic CZE Men
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 12 -15 February 2006 28 17 Wang Meng CHN Evgeniya Radanova BUL Anouk Leblanc-Boucher CAN Women
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 18 February 2006 30 19 Jin Seon-Yu KOR Choi Eun-Gyeong KOR Wang Meng CHN Women
XX 2006 Bobsleigh Four, Men 24 -26 February 2006 101 18 Germany 1 GER Russian Federation 1 RUS Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XX 2006 Bobsleigh Two, Men 17 -19 February 2006 58 19 Germany 1 GER Canada 1 CAN Switzerland 1 SUI Men
XX 2006 Skeleton Skeleton, Women 16 February 2006 15 12 Maya Pedersen SUI Shelley Rudman GBR Mellisa Hollingsworth-Richards CAN Women
XX 2006 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 17 February 2006 27 19 Duff Gibson CAN Jeff Pain CAN Gregor Stähli SUI Men
XX 2006 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 11 February 2006 30 15 Jennifer Heil CAN Kari Traa NOR Sandra Laoura FRA Women
XX 2006 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 20 -23 February 2006 28 11 Han Xiaopeng CHN Dzmitry Dashchynski BLR Vladimir Lebedev RUS Men
XX 2006 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 15 February 2006 35 11 Dale Begg-Smith AUS Mikko Ronkainen FIN Toby Dawson USA Men
XX 2006 Biathlon 4 x 6 kilometres Relay, Women 23 February 2006 72 18 Russian Federation RUS Germany GER France FRA Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 13 February 2006 82 28 Svetlana Ishmuratova RUS Martina Glagow GER Albina Akhatova RUS Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Mass Start, Women 25 February 2006 30 14 Anna-Carin Olofsson SWE Kati Wilhelm GER Uschi Disl GER Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 18 February 2006 58 22 Kati Wilhelm GER Martina Glagow GER Albina Akhatova RUS Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 16 February 2006 83 28 Florence Baverel-Robert FRA Anna-Carin Olofsson SWE Liliya Yefremova UKR Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 11 February 2006 88 34 Michael Greis GER Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Halvard Hanevold NOR Men
XX 2006 Biathlon 15 kilometres Mass Start, Men 25 February 2006 30 14 Michael Greis GER Tomasz Sikora POL Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Men
XX 2006 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Pursuit, Men 18 February 2006 57 23 Vincent Defrasne FRA Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Sven Fischer GER Men
XX 2006 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 14 February 2006 90 36 Sven Fischer GER Halvard Hanevold NOR Frode Andresen NOR Men
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 12 -22 February 2006 36 8 Republic of Korea KOR Canada CAN Italy ITA Women
XX 2006 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 22 -25 February 2006 29 20 Jin Seon-Yu KOR Wang Meng CHN Yang Yang (A) CHN Women
XX 2006 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 21 February 2006 68 17 Germany GER Russian Federation RUS France FRA Men
XX 2006 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (6 laps), Women 15 -16 February 2006 35 8 Germany GER Canada CAN Russian Federation RUS Women
XX 2006 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 25 February 2006 16 10 Clara Hughes CAN Claudia Pechstein GER Cindy Klassen CAN Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 16 February 2010 60 24 Magdalena Neuner GER Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Marie-Laure Brunet FRA Women
XXI 2010 Luge Singles, Women 15 -16 February 2010 29 14 Tatjana Hüfner GER Nina Reithmayer AUT Natalie Geisenberger GER Women
XXI 2010 Luge Doubles, Open 17 February 2010 40 11 Austria 1 AUT Latvia 1 LAT Germany 2 GER Open
XXI 2010 Luge Singles, Men 13 -14 February 2010 38 22 Felix Loch GER David Möller GER Armin Zöggeler ITA Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Freestyle, Women 22 February 2010 36 18 Germany GER Sweden SWE Russian Federation RUS Women
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 25 February 2010 64 16 Norway NOR Germany GER Finland FIN Women
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres Skiathlon, Women 19 February 2010 66 24 Marit Bjørgen NOR Anna Haag SWE Justyna Kowalczyk POL Women
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Mass Start, Classical, Women 27 February 2010 53 21 Justyna Kowalczyk POL Marit Bjørgen NOR Aino-Kaisa Saarinen FIN Women
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Men 27 February 2010 30 15 Jasey-Jay Anderson CAN Benjamin Karl AUT Mathieu Bozzetto FRA Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Freestyle, Women 15 February 2010 78 36 Charlotte Kalla SWE Kristina Šmigun-Vähi EST Marit Bjørgen NOR Women
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Freestyle, Men 22 February 2010 44 22 Norway NOR Germany GER Russian Federation RUS Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 24 February 2010 56 14 Sweden SWE Norway NOR Czech Republic CZE Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Skiathlon, Men 20 February 2010 64 26 Marcus Hellner SWE Tobias Angerer GER Johan Olsson SWE Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres Mass Start, Classical, Men 28 February 2010 53 21 Petter Northug NOR Axel Teichmann GER Johan Olsson SWE Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 15 February 2010 95 49 Dario Cologna SUI Pietro Piller Cottrer ITA Lukáš Bauer CZE Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Classical, Men 17 February 2010 62 25 Nikita Kryukov RUS Aleksandr Panzhinsky RUS Petter Northug NOR Men
XXI 2010 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 22 February 2010 48 12 Austria AUT Germany GER Norway NOR Men
XXI 2010 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 19 -20 February 2010 61 18 Simon Ammann SUI Adam Małysz POL Gregor Schlierenzauer AUT Men
XXI 2010 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Classical, Women 17 February 2010 54 27 Marit Bjørgen NOR Justyna Kowalczyk POL Petra Majdič SLO Women
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 17 February 2010 39 17 Shaun White USA Peetu Piiroinen FIN Scotty Lago USA Men
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Boardercross, Men 15 February 2010 35 15 Seth Wescott USA Mike Robertson CAN Tony Ramoin FRA Men
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Women 26 February 2010 29 15 Nicolien Sauerbreij NED Yekaterina Ilyukhina RUS Marion Kreiner AUT Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (6 laps), Women 26 -27 February 2010 28 8 Germany GER Japan JPN Poland POL Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 24 February 2010 16 9 Martina Sáblíková CZE Stephanie Beckert GER Clara Hughes CAN Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 14 February 2010 28 13 Martina Sáblíková CZE Stephanie Beckert GER Kristina Groves CAN Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 21 February 2010 36 14 Ireen Wüst NED Kristina Groves CAN Martina Sáblíková CZE Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 18 February 2010 36 15 Christine Nesbitt CAN Annette Gerritsen NED Laurine van Riessen NED Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 16 February 2010 36 14 Lee Sang-Hwa KOR Jenny Wolf GER Wang Beixing CHN Women
XXI 2010 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men 26 -27 February 2010 29 8 Canada CAN United States USA Netherlands NED Men
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 23 February 2010 15 9 Lee Seung-Hun KOR Ivan Skobrev RUS Bob de Jong NED Men
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 13 February 2010 28 16 Sven Kramer NED Lee Seung-Hun KOR Ivan Skobrev RUS Men
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 20 February 2010 37 14 Mark Tuitert NED Shani Davis USA Håvard Bøkko NOR Men
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 17 February 2010 38 13 Shani Davis USA Mo Tae-Beom KOR Chad Hedrick USA Men
XXI 2010 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 15 February 2010 39 12 Mo Tae-Beom KOR Keiichiro Nagashima JPN Joji Kato JPN Men
XXI 2010 Nordic Combined Team, Men 23 February 2010 40 10 Austria AUT United States USA Germany GER Men
XXI 2010 Nordic Combined Large Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 25 February 2010 46 14 Bill Demong USA Johnny Spillane USA Berni Gruber AUT Men
XXI 2010 Nordic Combined Normal Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 14 February 2010 45 14 Jason Lamy-Chappuis FRA Johnny Spillane USA Alessandro Pittin ITA Men
XXI 2010 Curling Curling, Women 16 -26 February 2010 46 10 Sweden SWE Canada CAN People’s Republic of China CHN Women
XXI 2010 Curling Curling, Men 16 -27 February 2010 47 10 Canada CAN Norway NOR Switzerland SUI Men
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Boardercross, Women 16 February 2010 22 13 Maëlle Ricker CAN Déborah Anthonioz FRA Olivia Nobs SUI Women
XXI 2010 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 18 February 2010 30 14 Torah Bright AUS Hannah Teter USA Kelly Clark USA Women
XXI 2010 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 12 -13 February 2010 61 18 Simon Ammann SUI Adam Małysz POL Gregor Schlierenzauer AUT Men
XXI 2010 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 16 -28 February 2010 260 12 Canada CAN United States USA Finland FIN Men
XXI 2010 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 13 -25 February 2010 160 8 Canada CAN United States USA Finland FIN Women
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 13 -17 February 2010 32 17 Wang Meng CHN Marianne St-Gelais CAN Arianna Fontana ITA Women
XXI 2010 Bobsleigh Two, Women 23 -24 February 2010 42 13 Canada 1 CAN Canada 2 CAN United States 2 USA Women
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 17 -26 February 2010 37 8 Canada CAN Republic of Korea KOR United States USA Men
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 13 February 2010 36 16 Lee Jeong-Su KOR Apolo Anton Ohno USA J. R. Celski USA Men
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 17 -20 February 2010 32 18 Lee Jeong-Su KOR Lee Ho-Seok KOR Apolo Anton Ohno USA Men
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 24 -26 February 2010 32 16 Charles Hamelin CAN Seong Si-Baek KOR François-Louis Tremblay CAN Men
XXI 2010 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 19 -22 February 2010 46 15 Canada 1 CAN United States 1 USA Russian Federation 1 RUS Mixed
XXI 2010 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 14 -15 February 2010 40 12 People’s Republic of China 1 CHN People’s Republic of China 2 CHN Germany 1 GER Mixed
XXI 2010 Figure Skating Singles, Women 23 -25 February 2010 30 23 Yu-Na Kim KOR Mao Asada JPN Joannie Rochette CAN Women
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 24 -26 February 2010 32 18 Wang Meng CHN Katherine Reutter USA Park Seung-Hui KOR Women
XXI 2010 Figure Skating Singles, Men 16 -18 February 2010 30 20 Evan Lysacek USA Yevgeny Plyushchenko RUS Daisuke Takahashi JPN Men
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 26 February 2010 87 47 Maria Riesch GER Marlies Schild AUT Šárka Záhrobská CZE Women
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 24 -25 February 2010 86 47 Viktoria Rebensburg GER Tina Maze SLO Elisabeth Görgl AUT Women
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 20 February 2010 53 27 Andrea Fischbacher AUT Tina Maze SLO Lindsey Vonn USA Women
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 17 February 2010 44 22 Lindsey Vonn USA Julia Mancuso USA Elisabeth Görgl AUT Women
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Super Combined, Men 21 February 2010 52 22 Bode Miller USA Ivica Kostelić CRO Silvan Zurbriggen SUI Men
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 27 February 2010 101 55 Giuliano Razzoli ITA Ivica Kostelić CRO André Myhrer SWE Men
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 23 February 2010 101 60 Carlo Janka SUI Kjetil Jansrud NOR Aksel Lund Svindal NOR Men
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 19 February 2010 63 27 Aksel Lund Svindal NOR Bode Miller USA Andrew Weibrecht USA Men
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Super Combined, Women 18 February 2010 34 19 Maria Riesch GER Julia Mancuso USA Anja Pärson SWE Women
XXI 2010 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 15 February 2010 64 28 Didier Défago SUI Aksel Lund Svindal NOR Bode Miller USA Men
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 20 February 2010 36 18 Zhou Yang CHN Lee Eun-Byeol KOR Park Seung-Hui KOR Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 14 February 2010 88 32 Vincent Jay FRA Emil Hegle Svendsen NOR Jakov Fak CRO Men
XXI 2010 Bobsleigh Four, Men 26 -27 February 2010 101 17 United States 1 USA Germany 1 GER Canada 1 CAN Men
XXI 2010 Bobsleigh Two, Men 20 -21 February 2010 56 18 Germany 1 GER Germany 2 GER Russian Federation 1 RUS Men
XXI 2010 Skeleton Skeleton, Women 18 -19 February 2010 19 11 Amy Williams GBR Kerstin Szymkowiak GER Anja Huber GER Women
XXI 2010 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 18 -19 February 2010 28 17 Jon Montgomery CAN Martins Dukurs LAT Aleksandr Tretyakov RUS Men
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Women 23 February 2010 35 17 Ashleigh McIvor CAN Hedda Berntsen NOR Marion Josserand FRA Women
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 20 -24 February 2010 23 10 Lydia Lassila AUS Li Nina CHN Guo Xinxin CHN Women
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 13 February 2010 27 12 Hannah Kearney USA Jennifer Heil CAN Shannon Bahrke USA Women
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Men 21 February 2010 33 15 Mike Schmid SUI Andreas Matt AUT Audun Grønvold NOR Men
XXI 2010 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 13 -24 February 2010 36 8 People’s Republic of China CHN Canada CAN United States USA Women
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 22 -25 February 2010 24 8 Aliaksei Hryshyn BLR Jeret Peterson USA Liu Zhongqing CHN Men
XXI 2010 Biathlon 4 x 6 kilometres Relay, Women 23 February 2010 76 19 Russian Federation RUS France FRA Germany GER Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 18 February 2010 87 31 Tora Berger NOR Yelena Khrustalyova KAZ Daria Domrachava BLR Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Mass Start, Women 21 February 2010 30 12 Magdalena Neuner GER Olga Zaytseva RUS Simone Hauswald GER Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 13 February 2010 88 30 Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Magdalena Neuner GER Marie Dorin FRA Women
XXI 2010 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 26 February 2010 76 19 Norway NOR Austria AUT Russian Federation RUS Men
XXI 2010 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 18 February 2010 88 32 Emil Hegle Svendsen NOR Siarhei Novikau BLR — Men
XXI 2010 Biathlon 15 kilometres Mass Start, Men 21 February 2010 30 16 Yevgeny Ustyugov RUS Martin Fourcade FRA Pavol Hurajt SVK Men
XXI 2010 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Pursuit, Men 16 February 2010 60 24 Björn Ferry SWE Christoph Sumann AUT Vincent Jay FRA Men
XXI 2010 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 14 February 2010 30 10 Alex Bilodeau CAN Dale Begg-Smith AUS Bryon Wilson USA Men
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 16 February 2014 63 28 Kjetil Jansrud NOR Andrew Weibrecht USA Jan Hudec CAN Men
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 19 February 2014 107 60 Ted Ligety USA Steve Missillier FRA Alexis Pinturault FRA Men
XXII 2014 Figure Skating Singles, Men 13 -14 February 2014 29 20 Yuzuru Hanyu JPN Patrick Chan CAN Denis Ten KAZ Men
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 9 February 2014 49 23 Matthias Mayer AUT Christof Innerhofer ITA Kjetil Jansrud NOR Men
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 22 February 2014 115 61 Mario Matt AUT Marcel Hirscher AUT Henrik Kristoffersen NOR Men
XXII 2014 Figure Skating Singles, Women 19 -20 February 2014 30 20 Adelina Sotnikova RUS Yu-Na Kim KOR Carolina Kostner ITA Women
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 12 February 2014 41 22 Tina Maze SLO — Lara Gut SUI Women
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 11 February 2014 39 16 Iouri Podladtchikov SUI Ayumu Hirano JPN Taku Hiraoka JPN Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Slopestyle, Men 6 - 8 February 2014 29 13 Sage Kotsenburg USA Ståle Sandbech NOR Mark McMorris CAN Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Parallel Slalom, Men 22 February 2014 32 12 Vic Wild RUS Žan Košir SLO Benjamin Karl AUT Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Men 19 February 2014 32 12 Vic Wild RUS Nevin Galmarini SUI Žan Košir SLO Men
XXII 2014 Luge Team Relay, Mixed 13 February 2014 48 12 Germany GER Russian Federation RUS Latvia LAT Mixed
XXII 2014 Luge Singles, Women 10 -11 February 2014 31 16 Natalie Geisenberger GER Tatjana Hüfner GER Erin Hamlin USA Women
XXII 2014 Luge Doubles, Open 12 February 2014 38 12 Germany 1 GER Austria 1 AUT Latvia 1 LAT Open
XXII 2014 Luge Singles, Men 8 - 9 February 2014 39 22 Felix Loch GER Albert Demchenko RUS Armin Zöggeler ITA Men
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Classical, Women 19 February 2014 34 17 Norway NOR Finland FIN Sweden SWE Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 15 February 2014 56 14 Sweden SWE Finland FIN Germany GER Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres Skiathlon, Women 8 February 2014 61 24 Marit Bjørgen NOR Charlotte Kalla SWE Heidi Weng NOR Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Mass Start, Freestyle, Women 22 February 2014 57 24 Marit Bjørgen NOR Therese Johaug NOR Kristin Størmer Steira NOR Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Classical, Women 13 February 2014 75 38 Justyna Kowalczyk POL Charlotte Kalla SWE Therese Johaug NOR Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Women 11 February 2014 67 31 Maiken Caspersen Falla NOR Ingvild Flugstad Østberg NOR Vesna Fabjan SLO Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Classical, Men 19 February 2014 44 22 Finland FIN Russian Federation RUS Sweden SWE Men
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 16 February 2014 64 16 Sweden SWE Russian Federation RUS France FRA Men
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Skiathlon, Men 9 February 2014 68 30 Dario Cologna SUI Marcus Hellner SWE Martin Johnsrud Sundby NOR Men
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Super Combined, Women 10 February 2014 39 21 Maria Höfl-Riesch GER Nicole Hosp AUT Julia Mancuso USA Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Classical, Men 14 February 2014 91 45 Dario Cologna SUI Johan Olsson SWE Daniel Rickardsson SWE Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Boardercross, Men 18 February 2014 38 15 Pierre Vaultier FRA Nikolay Olyunin RUS Alex Deibold USA Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Women 19 February 2014 32 15 Patrizia Kummer SUI Tomoka Takeuchi JPN Alyona Zavarzina RUS Women
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Parallel Slalom, Women 22 February 2014 32 15 Julia Dujmovits AUT Anke Karstens GER Amelie Kober GER Women
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Slopestyle, Women 6 - 9 February 2014 23 11 Jamie Anderson USA Enni Rukajärvi FIN Jenny Jones GBR Women
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Super Combined, Men 14 February 2014 50 24 Sandro Viletta SUI Ivica Kostelić CRO Christof Innerhofer ITA Men
XXII 2014 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (6 laps), Women 21 -22 February 2014 30 8 Netherlands NED Poland POL Russian Federation RUS Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 19 February 2014 16 9 Martina Sáblíková CZE Ireen Wüst NED Carien Kleibeuker NED Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 9 February 2014 28 13 Ireen Wüst NED Martina Sáblíková CZE Olga Graf RUS Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 16 February 2014 36 14 Jorien ter Mors NED Ireen Wüst NED Lotte van Beek NED Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 13 February 2014 36 13 Zhang Hong CHN Ireen Wüst NED Margot Boer NED Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 11 February 2014 35 12 Lee Sang-Hwa KOR Olga Fatkulina RUS Margot Boer NED Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men 21 -22 February 2014 27 8 Netherlands NED Republic of Korea KOR Poland POL Men
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 18 February 2014 14 9 Jorrit Bergsma NED Sven Kramer NED Bob de Jong NED Men
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Freestyle, Men 11 February 2014 86 40 Ola Vigen Hattestad NOR Teodor Peterson SWE Emil Jönsson SWE Men
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 8 February 2014 26 14 Sven Kramer NED Jan Blokhuijsen NED Jorrit Bergsma NED Men
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 12 February 2014 40 19 Stefan Groothuis NED Denny Morrison CAN Michel Mulder NED Men
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 10 February 2014 40 16 Michel Mulder NED Jan Smeekens NED Ronald Mulder NED Men
XXII 2014 Nordic Combined Team, Men 20 February 2014 36 9 Norway NOR Germany GER Austria AUT Men
XXII 2014 Nordic Combined Large Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 18 February 2014 46 15 Jørgen Graabak NOR Magnus Moan NOR Fabian Rießle GER Men
XXII 2014 Nordic Combined Normal Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 12 February 2014 46 15 Eric Frenzel GER Akito Watabe JPN Magnus Krog NOR Men
XXII 2014 Curling Curling, Women 10 -20 February 2014 43 10 Canada CAN Sweden SWE Great Britain GBR Women
XXII 2014 Curling Curling, Men 10 -21 February 2014 44 10 Canada CAN Great Britain GBR Sweden SWE Men
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Boardercross, Women 16 February 2014 24 14 Eva Samková CZE Dominique Maltais CAN Chloé Trespeuch FRA Women
XXII 2014 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 12 February 2014 27 13 Kaitlyn Farrington USA Torah Bright AUS Kelly Clark USA Women
XXII 2014 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 15 February 2014 40 17 Zbigniew Bródka POL Koen Verweij NED Denny Morrison CAN Men
XXII 2014 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Women 11 February 2014 30 12 Carina Vogt GER Daniela Iraschko-Stolz AUT Coline Mattel FRA Women
XXII 2014 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres Mass Start, Freestyle, Men 23 February 2014 64 26 Aleksandr Legkov RUS Maksim Vylegzhanin RUS Ilya Chernousov RUS Men
XXII 2014 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 14 -15 February 2014 61 20 Kamil Stoch POL Noriaki Kasai JPN Peter Prevc SLO Men
XXII 2014 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 17 February 2014 48 12 Germany GER Austria AUT Japan JPN Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 22 February 2014 76 19 — Germany GER Austria AUT Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 13 February 2014 89 31 Martin Fourcade FRA Erik Lesser GER Yevgeny Garanichev RUS Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 15 kilometres Mass Start, Men 18 February 2014 30 13 Emil Hegle Svendsen NOR Martin Fourcade FRA Ondřej Moravec CZE Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Pursuit, Men 10 February 2014 59 21 Martin Fourcade FRA Ondřej Moravec CZE Jean-Guillaume Béatrix FRA Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 8 February 2014 87 31 Ole Einar Bjørndalen NOR Dominik Landertinger AUT Jaroslav Soukup CZE Men
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 10 -18 February 2014 34 8 Republic of Korea KOR Canada CAN Italy ITA Women
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 15 February 2014 36 19 Zhou Yang CHN Sim Seok-Hui KOR Arianna Fontana ITA Women
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 18 -21 February 2014 32 18 Park Seung-Hui KOR Fan Kexin CHN Sim Seok-Hui KOR Women
XXII 2014 Biathlon 10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 11 February 2014 57 23 Daria Domrachava BLR Tora Berger NOR Teja Gregorin SLO Women
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 10 -13 February 2014 32 15 Li Jianrou CHN Arianna Fontana ITA Park Seung-Hui KOR Women
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 10 February 2014 36 18 Charles Hamelin CAN Han Tianyu CHN Viktor An RUS Men
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 13 -15 February 2014 32 14 Viktor An RUS Vladimir Grigoryev RUS Sjinkie Knegt NED Men
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 18 -21 February 2014 32 16 Viktor An RUS Wu Dajing CHN Charle Cournoyer CAN Men
XXII 2014 Figure Skating Team, Mixed 6 - 9 February 2014 74 10 Russian Federation RUS Canada CAN United States USA Mixed
XXII 2014 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 16 -17 February 2014 48 15 United States 1 USA Canada 1 CAN Russian Federation 1 RUS Mixed
XXII 2014 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 11 -12 February 2014 40 12 Russian Federation 1 RUS Russian Federation 2 RUS Germany 1 GER Mixed
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 21 February 2014 85 48 Mikaela Shiffrin USA Marlies Schild AUT Kathrin Zettel AUT Women
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 18 February 2014 89 48 Tina Maze SLO Anna Fenninger AUT Viktoria Rebensburg GER Women
XXII 2014 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 15 February 2014 49 24 Anna Fenninger AUT Maria Höfl-Riesch GER Nicole Hosp AUT Women
XXII 2014 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 13 -21 February 2014 35 8 Russian Federation RUS United States USA People’s Republic of China CHN Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Mass Start, Women 17 February 2014 30 16 Daria Domrachava BLR Gabriela Soukalová CZE Tiril Eckhoff NOR Women
XXII 2014 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 9 February 2014 84 33 Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Olga Vilukhina RUS Vita Semerenko UKR Women
XXII 2014 Biathlon 4 x 6 kilometres Relay, Women 21 February 2014 68 17 Ukraine UKR — Norway NOR Women
XXII 2014 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 8 - 9 February 2014 61 20 Kamil Stoch POL Peter Prevc SLO Anders Bardal NOR Men
XXII 2014 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 8 -20 February 2014 158 8 Canada CAN United States USA Switzerland SUI Women
XXII 2014 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 12 -23 February 2014 286 12 Canada CAN Sweden SWE Finland FIN Men
XXII 2014 Bobsleigh Two, Women 18 -19 February 2014 39 13 Canada 1 CAN United States 1 USA United States 2 USA Women
XXII 2014 Bobsleigh Four, Men 22 -23 February 2014 124 19 Latvia 1 LAT United States 1 USA Great Britain 1 GBR Men
XXII 2014 Bobsleigh Two, Men 16 -17 February 2014 60 20 Switzerland 1 SUI United States 1 USA Latvia 1 LAT Men
XXII 2014 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 14 February 2014 82 32 Daria Domrachava BLR Selina Gasparin SUI Nadzeya Skardsina BLR Women
XXII 2014 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 14 -15 February 2014 27 16 Aleksandr Tretyakov RUS Martins Dukurs LAT Matt Antoine USA Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Slopestyle, Women 11 February 2014 22 15 Dara Howell CAN Devin Logan USA Kim Lamarre CAN Women
XXII 2014 Skeleton Skeleton, Women 13 -14 February 2014 20 12 Lizzy Yarnold GBR Noelle Pikus-Pace USA Yelena Nikitina RUS Women
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Women 21 February 2014 28 12 Marielle Thompson CAN Kelsey Serwa CAN Anna Holmlund SWE Women
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 14 February 2014 22 9 Ala Tsuper BLR Xu Mengtao CHN Lydia Lassila AUS Women
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 6 - 8 February 2014 28 13 Justine Dufour-Lapointe CAN Chloé Dufour-Lapointe CAN Hannah Kearney USA Women
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Slopestyle, Men 13 February 2014 32 15 Joss Christensen USA Gus Kenworthy USA Nick Goepper USA Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Halfpipe, Men 18 February 2014 28 13 David Wise USA Mike Riddle CAN Kévin Rolland FRA Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Men 20 February 2014 31 13 Jean-Frédéric Chapuis FRA Arnaud Bovolenta FRA Jonathan Midol FRA Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 17 February 2014 21 9 Anton Kushnir BLR David Morris AUS Jia Zongyang CHN Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 10 February 2014 29 11 Alex Bilodeau CAN Mikaël Kingsbury CAN Aleksandr Smyshlyayev RUS Men
XXII 2014 Freestyle Skiing Halfpipe, Women 20 February 2014 23 13 Maddie Bowman USA Marie Martinod FRA Ayana Onozuka JPN Women
XXII 2014 Biathlon 2 x 6 kilometres and 2 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Mixed 19 February 2014 64 16 Norway NOR Czech Republic CZE Italy ITA Mixed
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Alpine Combined, Men 13 February 2018 65 31 Marcel Hirscher AUT Alexis Pinturault FRA Victor Muffat-Jeandet FRA Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Men 22 February 2018 106 65 André Myhrer SWE Ramon Zenhäusern SUI Michael Matt AUT Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Women 21 February 2018 39 20 Sofia Goggia ITA Ragnhild Mowinckel NOR Lindsey Vonn USA Women
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Super G, Men 16 February 2018 61 29 Matthias Mayer AUT Beat Feuz SUI Kjetil Jansrud NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Downhill, Men 15 February 2018 55 26 Aksel Lund Svindal NOR Kjetil Jansrud NOR Beat Feuz SUI Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Men 18 February 2018 109 68 Marcel Hirscher AUT Henrik Kristoffersen NOR Alexis Pinturault FRA Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Super G, Women 17 February 2018 44 23 Ester Ledecká CZE Anna Veith AUT Tina Weirather LIE Women
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Alpine Combined, Women 22 February 2018 28 16 Michelle Gisin SUI Mikaela Shiffrin USA Wendy Holdener SUI Women
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Slalom, Women 16 February 2018 78 46 Frida Hansdotter SWE Wendy Holdener SUI Katharina Gallhuber AUT Women
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Women 22 -24 February 2018 31 14 Ester Ledecká CZE Selina Jörg GER Ramona Hofmeister GER Women
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Big Air, Men 21 -24 February 2018 34 15 Sébastien Toutant CAN Kyle Mack USA Billy Morgan GBR Men
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Boardercross, Men 15 February 2018 39 16 Pierre Vaultier FRA Jarryd Hughes AUS Regino Hernández ESP Men
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Men 13 -14 February 2018 29 13 Shaun White USA Ayumu Hirano JPN Scotty James AUS Men
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Slopestyle, Men 10 -11 February 2018 35 14 Red Gerard USA Max Parrot CAN Mark McMorris CAN Men
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Parallel Giant Slalom, Men 22 -24 February 2018 32 13 Nevin Galmarini SUI Lee Sang-Ho KOR Žan Košir SLO Men
XXIII 2018 Luge Team Relay, Mixed 15 February 2018 52 13 Germany GER Canada CAN Austria AUT Mixed
XXIII 2018 Luge Singles, Women 12 -13 February 2018 30 16 Natalie Geisenberger GER Dajana Eitberger GER Alex Gough CAN Women
XXIII 2018 Luge Doubles, Open 14 February 2018 40 13 Germany 1 GER Austria 1 AUT Germany 2 GER Open
XXIII 2018 Luge Singles, Men 10 -11 February 2018 40 21 David Gleirscher AUT Chris Mazdzer USA Johannes Ludwig GER Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Freestyle, Women 21 February 2018 42 21 United States USA Sweden SWE Norway NOR Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 5 kilometres Relay, Women 17 February 2018 56 14 Norway NOR Sweden SWE Olympic Athletes from Russia ROC Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres Skiathlon, Women 10 February 2018 61 23 Charlotte Kalla SWE Marit Bjørgen NOR Krista Pärmäkoski FIN Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Mass Start, Classical, Women 25 February 2018 47 20 Marit Bjørgen NOR Krista Pärmäkoski FIN Stina Nilsson SWE Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 10 kilometres, Freestyle, Women 15 February 2018 90 44 Ragnhild Haga NOR Charlotte Kalla SWE Krista Pärmäkoski FIN Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Classical, Women 13 February 2018 68 28 Stina Nilsson SWE Maiken Caspersen Falla NOR Yuliya Belorukova ROC Women
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing Team Sprint, Freestyle, Men 21 February 2018 56 28 Norway NOR Olympic Athletes from Russia ROC France FRA Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 18 February 2018 56 14 Norway NOR Olympic Athletes from Russia ROC France FRA Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 30 kilometres Skiathlon, Men 11 February 2018 68 30 Simen Hegstad Krüger NOR Martin Johnsrud Sundby NOR Hans Christer Holund NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Slopestyle, Women 11 -12 February 2018 26 15 Jamie Anderson USA Laurie Blouin CAN Enni Rukajärvi FIN Women
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Halfpipe, Women 12 -13 February 2018 24 10 Chloe Kim USA Liu Jiayu CHN Arielle Gold USA Women
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Boardercross, Women 16 February 2018 24 12 Michela Moioli ITA Julia Pereira de Sousa Mabileau FRA Eva Samková CZE Women
XXIII 2018 Snowboarding Big Air, Women 19 -23 February 2018 26 14 Anna Gasser AUT Jamie Anderson USA Zoi Sadowski-Synnott NZL Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (6 laps), Women 19 -21 February 2018 30 8 Japan JPN Netherlands NED United States USA Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating Mass Start, Women 24 February 2018 24 15 Nana Takagi JPN Kim Bo-Reum KOR Irene Schouten NED Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Women 16 February 2018 12 9 Esmee Visser NED Martina Sáblíková CZE Nataliya Voronina ROC Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 3,000 metres, Women 10 February 2018 24 13 Carlijn Achtereekte NED Ireen Wüst NED Antoinette de Jong NED Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 12 February 2018 27 14 Ireen Wüst NED Miho Takagi JPN Marrit Leenstra NED Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 14 February 2018 31 15 Jorien ter Mors NED Nao Kodaira JPN Miho Takagi JPN Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 18 February 2018 31 18 Nao Kodaira JPN Lee Sang-Hwa KOR Karolína Erbanová CZE Women
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men 18 -21 February 2018 29 8 Norway NOR Republic of Korea KOR Netherlands NED Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating Mass Start, Men 24 February 2018 24 18 Lee Seung-Hun KOR Bart Swings BEL Koen Verweij NED Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 50 kilometres Mass Start, Classical, Men 24 February 2018 69 31 Iivo Niskanen FIN Aleksandr Bolshunov ROC Andrey Larkov ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 10,000 metres, Men 15 February 2018 12 8 Ted-Jan Bloemen CAN Jorrit Bergsma NED Nicola Tumolero ITA Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 13 February 2018 35 19 Kjeld Nuis NED Patrick Roest NED Kim Min-Seok KOR Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 23 February 2018 36 19 Kjeld Nuis NED HÃ¥vard Holmefjord Lorentzen NOR Kim Tae-Yun KOR Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 19 February 2018 36 17 HÃ¥vard Holmefjord Lorentzen NOR Cha Min-Gyu KOR Gao Tingyu CHN Men
XXIII 2018 Nordic Combined Team, Men 22 February 2018 40 10 Germany GER Norway NOR Austria AUT Men
XXIII 2018 Nordic Combined Large Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 20 February 2018 48 16 Johannes Rydzek GER Fabian Rießle GER Eric Frenzel GER Men
XXIII 2018 Nordic Combined Normal Hill / 10 km, Individual, Men 14 February 2018 48 16 Eric Frenzel GER Akito Watabe JPN Lukas Klapfer AUT Men
XXIII 2018 Curling Doubles, Mixed 8 -13 February 2018 16 8 Canada CAN Switzerland SUI Norway NOR Mixed
XXIII 2018 Curling Curling, Women 14 -25 February 2018 43 10 Sweden SWE Republic of Korea KOR Japan JPN Women
XXIII 2018 Curling Curling, Men 14 -24 February 2018 44 10 United States USA Sweden SWE Switzerland SUI Men
XXIII 2018 Speed Skating 5,000 metres, Men 11 February 2018 22 14 Sven Kramer NED Ted-Jan Bloemen CAN Sverre Lunde Pedersen NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing 15 kilometres, Freestyle, Men 16 February 2018 119 62 Dario Cologna SUI Simen Hegstad Krüger NOR Denis Spitsov ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Cross Country Skiing Sprint, Classical, Men 13 February 2018 80 39 Johannes Høsflot Klæbo NOR Federico Pellegrino ITA Aleksandr Bolshunov ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Team, Men 19 February 2018 48 12 Norway NOR Germany GER Poland POL Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 7.5 kilometres Sprint, Women 10 February 2018 87 27 Laura Dahlmeier GER Marte Olsbu NOR Veronika Vítková CZE Women
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 4 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Men 23 February 2018 72 18 Sweden SWE Norway NOR Germany GER Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 20 kilometres, Men 15 February 2018 86 26 Johannes Thingnes Bø NOR Jakov Fak SLO Dominik Landertinger AUT Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 15 kilometres Mass Start, Men 18 February 2018 30 13 Martin Fourcade FRA Simon Schempp GER Emil Hegle Svendsen NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Pursuit, Men 12 February 2018 60 25 Martin Fourcade FRA Sebastian Samuelsson SWE Benedikt Doll GER Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 10 kilometres Sprint, Men 11 February 2018 87 26 Arnd Peiffer GER Michal Krčmář CZE Dominik Windisch ITA Men
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 3,000 metres Relay, Women 10 -20 February 2018 37 8 Republic of Korea KOR Italy ITA Netherlands NED Women
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Women 17 February 2018 36 17 Choi Min-Jeong KOR Li Jinyu CHN Kim Boutin CAN Women
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Women 20 -22 February 2018 32 15 Suzanne Schulting NED Kim Boutin CAN Arianna Fontana ITA Women
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 10 kilometres Pursuit, Women 12 February 2018 58 24 Laura Dahlmeier GER Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Anaïs Bescond FRA Women
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Women 10 -13 February 2018 32 14 Arianna Fontana ITA Yara van Kerkhof NED Kim Boutin CAN Women
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 1,500 metres, Men 10 February 2018 37 18 Im Hyo-Jun KOR Sjinkie Knegt NED Semyon Yelistratov ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 1,000 metres, Men 13 -17 February 2018 32 14 Samuel Girard CAN John-Henry Krueger USA Seo I-Ra KOR Men
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 500 metres, Men 20 -22 February 2018 33 16 Wu Dajing CHN Hwang Dae-Heon KOR Im Hyo-Jun KOR Men
XXIII 2018 Figure Skating Team, Mixed 9 -12 February 2018 71 10 Canada CAN Olympic Athletes from Russia ROC United States USA Mixed
XXIII 2018 Figure Skating Ice Dancing, Mixed 19 -20 February 2018 48 17 Canada 1 CAN France 1 FRA United States 2 USA Mixed
XXIII 2018 Figure Skating Pairs, Mixed 14 -15 February 2018 44 14 Germany 1 GER People’s Republic of China 1 CHN Canada 1 CAN Mixed
XXIII 2018 Figure Skating Singles, Women 21 -23 February 2018 30 20 Alina Zagitova ROC Yevgeniya Medvedeva ROC Kaetlyn Osmond CAN Women
XXIII 2018 Figure Skating Singles, Men 16 -17 February 2018 30 21 Yuzuru Hanyu JPN Shoma Uno JPN Javier Fernández ESP Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Team, Mixed 24 February 2018 65 16 Switzerland SUI Austria AUT Norway NOR Mixed
XXIII 2018 Short Track Speed Skating 5,000 metres Relay, Men 13 -22 February 2018 34 8 Hungary HUN People’s Republic of China CHN Canada CAN Men
XXIII 2018 Alpine Skiing Giant Slalom, Women 15 February 2018 79 48 Mikaela Shiffrin USA Ragnhild Mowinckel NOR Federica Brignone ITA Women
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 12.5 kilometres Mass Start, Women 17 February 2018 30 13 Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Daria Domrachava BLR Tiril Eckhoff NOR Women
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 4 x 6 kilometres Relay, Women 22 February 2018 72 18 Belarus BLR Sweden SWE France FRA Women
XXIII 2018 Ski Jumping Large Hill, Individual, Men 16 -17 February 2018 57 19 Kamil Stoch POL Andreas Wellinger GER Robert Johansson NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Men 8 -10 February 2018 57 19 Andreas Wellinger GER Johann André Forfang NOR Robert Johansson NOR Men
XXIII 2018 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Women 10 -22 February 2018 182 8 United States USA Canada CAN Finland FIN Women
XXIII 2018 Ice Hockey Ice Hockey, Men 14 -25 February 2018 282 12 Olympic Athletes from Russia ROC Germany GER Canada CAN Men
XXIII 2018 Bobsleigh Two, Women 20 -21 February 2018 41 12 Germany 1 GER United States 1 USA Canada 1 CAN Women
XXIII 2018 Bobsleigh Four, Open 24 -25 February 2018 116 18 Germany 2 GER Germany 3 GER — Open
XXIII 2018 Bobsleigh Two, Men 18 -19 February 2018 61 18 Canada 1 CAN — Latvia 2 LAT Men
XXIII 2018 Skeleton Skeleton, Women 16 -17 February 2018 20 14 Lizzy Yarnold GBR Jacqueline Lölling GER Laura Deas GBR Women
XXIII 2018 Skeleton Skeleton, Men 15 -16 February 2018 30 20 Yun Seong-Bin KOR Nikita Tregubov ROC Dom Parsons GBR Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 15 kilometres, Women 15 February 2018 87 27 Hanna Öberg SWE Anastasia Kuzmina SVK Laura Dahlmeier GER Women
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Slopestyle, Women 17 February 2018 23 12 Sarah Höfflin SUI Mathilde Gremaud SUI Izzy Atkin GBR Women
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Women 23 February 2018 23 13 Kelsey Serwa CAN Britt Phelan CAN Fanny Smith SUI Women
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Women 15 -16 February 2018 25 9 Hanna Huskova BLR Zhang Xin CHN Kong Fanyu CHN Women
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Women 9 -11 February 2018 30 14 Perrine Laffont FRA Justine Dufour-Lapointe CAN Yuliya Galysheva KAZ Women
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Slopestyle, Men 18 February 2018 30 12 Øystein Bråten NOR Nick Goepper USA Alex Beaulieu-Marchand CAN Men
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Halfpipe, Men 20 -22 February 2018 27 11 David Wise USA Alex Ferreira USA Nico Porteous NZL Men
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Ski Cross, Men 21 February 2018 31 11 Brady Leman CAN Marc Bischofberger SUI Sergey Ridzik ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Aerials, Men 17 -18 February 2018 25 11 Oleksandr Abramenko UKR Jia Zongyang CHN Ilya Burov ROC Men
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Moguls, Men 9 -12 February 2018 29 11 Mikaël Kingsbury CAN Matt Graham AUS Daichi Hara JPN Men
XXIII 2018 Biathlon 2 x 6 kilometres and 2 x 7.5 kilometres Relay, Mixed 20 February 2018 80 20 France FRA Norway NOR Italy ITA Mixed
XXIII 2018 Freestyle Skiing Halfpipe, Women 19 -20 February 2018 24 13 Cassie Sharpe CAN Marie Martinod FRA Brita Sigourney USA Women
XXIII 2018 Ski Jumping Normal Hill, Individual, Women 12 February 2018 35 14 Maren Lundby NOR Katharina Althaus GER Sara Takanashi JPN Women

Objective

The goal of this analysis is to measure the growth of the Winter Olympic games between the years 1924 and 2018 across multiple facets:

  1. Participant Statistics
    • Overall participation and event number increase
    • Gender distribution comparison from 1924 to 1976 to 2018
  2. Event Statistics
    • Distribution of overall participation in top events across all Winter Olympics
    • Distribution of participant countries in top events across all Winter Olympics
  3. Country Statistics
    • Medal counts of top winning countries across all Winter Olympics
    • Medal count spread comparison from 1924 to 1976 to 2018
  4. Population vs. Samples
    • Central Limit Theorem
    • Sampling Methods

Participant Statistics

Athlete, Country & Event Increase

The first task is to look at overall participation of events across all Winter Olympic years. The raw data needed manipulation to split out participation counts by event year. A tibble of the Olympic data frame was used to group the years and sum the yearly participants together. At the same time, the unique event counts were tallied, creating a new tibble column.

# Plot #1 - Comparing participation in each Olympic year (tibble).
library(plotly)
library(tidyverse)

tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(event_year, discipline, category, n_participants, 
         n_country_participants) %>%
  group_by(event_year) %>%
  summarize(participants_year = sum(n_participants), 
            countries_year = sum(n_country_participants),
            event_num = length(unique(category))) -> years; years
## # A tibble: 23 x 4
##    event_year participants_year countries_year event_num
##         <int>             <int>          <int>     <int>
##  1       1924               459            133        17
##  2       1928               496            120         9
##  3       1932               351             98        14
##  4       1936               896            247        17
##  5       1948              1074            282        22
##  6       1952              1087            309        22
##  7       1956              1307            379        24
##  8       1960              1116            351        27
##  9       1964              1778            517        32
## 10       1968              1891            551        33
## # ... with 13 more rows
# create a plotly barchart.
plot_ly(years) %>%
  layout(title='Increases Across Winter Olympic Years',
         xaxis=list(title="Olympic Years", tickvals=~event_year),
         margin=list(l=50, r=50, pad=0),
         yaxis=list(title="Number of Participants"),
         yaxis2=list(title=list(text="Number of Events"), 
                     range=c(5,100), dtick=5,
                     overlaying='y', side='right'),
         yaxis3=list(title=list(text="Number of Countries"),
                     range=c(75,2000), dtick=200,
                     overlaying='y', side='right', anchor='free', position=1.3),
         showlegend=T, legend=list(x=0.1,y=0.9 )
  ) %>%
  add_trace(x = ~event_year,
            y = ~participants_year,
            type="bar",
            color=I('light blue'),
            name="# of Athletes",
            hovertemplate='Year: %{x}, Participants: %{y}',
            width=1.75
  )%>%
  add_trace(x = ~event_year, 
            y = ~countries_year, 
            type='scatter', 
            mode='lines+markers',
            yaxis='y3',
            name="# of Countries", 
            hovertemplate='Year: %{x}, Countries: %{y}', 
            color=I('orange')
  )%>%
  add_trace(x = ~event_year, 
          y = ~event_num, 
          type='scatter', 
          mode='lines+markers',
          yaxis='y2',
          name="# of Events", 
          hovertemplate='Year: %{x}, Events: %{y}', 
          color=I('red')
)

The blue bars represent total participation per year. The red line with markers represents the trend of the participation across the same time. To overlay both the number of events and number of yearly participants, Two y axes were used in plot_ly to represent each data range’s max and min values.

Analysis:

Concerning the visual anomalies in the data, the Olympics did not occur during wartime in 1940 and 1944. Also, in 1994 the International Olympic Committee decided to separate the Summer and Winter Olympic years, resulting in the two-year split between the 1992 and 1994 games. Despite these impacts, a very consistent correlation exists between both an increase in participation and an increase in events over time. This demonstrates that the creation of new events is more of a driving factor behind the increase in participants than the presence of new countries. Regarding the shape of the plot, the data almost represents an incomplete left-skewed normal distribution with the later years coming close to the median of the bell. There is not any reason to believe that the number of events or the participation overall will drop in subsequent years to fit the normal curve, but the plateau of events and participation may be related to several logistical factors. Increasing stress on the host country to provide slope, arena and building venues balanced against the increased time commitment and event planning will eventually peak the creation of new events and added participants.

Below is a correlation matrix and plot comparing the scatter of number of participants per year, number of countries per year and number of events per year:

##                   participants_year countries_year event_num
## participants_year           1.00000        0.99711   0.99258
## countries_year              0.99711        1.00000   0.99601
## event_num                   0.99258        0.99601   1.00000
# Plot 1B - Scatterplots of Correlation

select(years, py=participants_year, cy=countries_year, en=event_num) -> years2

c1 = plotly_empty(years2, x=0, y=0, type='scatter', mode='markers', visible=F)
              
c2 = plot_ly(years2, x=~py, y=~cy, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Participants vs. # Countries")
c3 = plot_ly(years2, x=~py, y=~en, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Participants vs. # Events")
c4 = plot_ly(years2, x=~cy, y=~py, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Countries vs. # Participants")
c5 = plotly_empty(years2, x=NULL, y=NULL, type='scatter', mode='markers') %>%
  add_annotations(x=0,y=0, showarrow=F, textposition='center',
      text = "<b>Correlation Plot\nParticipants vs.\nCountries vs.\nEvents<b>")
             
c6 = plot_ly(years2, x=~cy, y=~en, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Countries vs. # Events")
c7 = plot_ly(years2, x=~en, y=~py, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Events vs. # Participants")
c8 = plot_ly(years2, x=~en, y=~cy, type='scatter', mode='markers',
             name="# Events vs. # Countries")
c9 = plotly_empty(years2, x=0, y=0, type='scatter', mode='markers', visible=F)

subplot(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9, nrows=3) %>%
  layout(legend=list(orientation='h'))

Gender Distribution Across Years

Another metric to use when looking at the spread of participants in the Winter Olympic games are the proportions of male to female athletes over time. A tibble was used to isolate three distinct Olympic years (1924, 1976 and 2018) which act roughly as the minimum, median and maximum of the population time frame. The subsets were then sorted by the user-created ‘gender’ category mentioned above, with the result fed into a triple pie chart shown below.

# Bonus Plot - Gender Disparity in Events Across Years

tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(event_year, gender, n_participants, category) -> baseSet

baseSet %>%
  filter(event_year==1924) -> gen1924
baseSet %>%
  filter(event_year==1976) -> gen1976
baseSet %>%
  filter(event_year==2018) -> gen2018

plot_ly() %>%
  layout(showlegend=T, grid=list(rows=1, columns=3),
         title="Multi-Year Gender Distribution of Winter Olympics") %>%
  add_pie(gen1924, type='pie', labels=gen1924$gender, hole=.4, name="1924",
          values=gen1924$n_participants, textinfo='label+percent',
          marker=list(line=list(color='#FFFFFF', width=2)),
          domain=list(x=c(0.03, 0.29), y=c(0,1)), title="<b>1924<b>") %>%

  add_pie(gen1976, type='pie', labels=gen1976$gender, hole=.4, name="1976",
          values=gen1976$n_participants, textinfo='label+percent',
          marker=list(line=list(color='#FFFFFF', width=2)),
          domain=list(x=c(0.37, 0.63), y=c(0,1)), title="<b>1976<b>") %>%

  add_pie(gen2018, type='pie', labels=gen2018$gender, hole=.4, name="2018",
          values=gen2018$n_participants, textinfo='label+percent',
          marker=list(line=list(color='#FFFFFF', width=2)),
          domain=list(x=c(0.71, 0.97), y=c(0,1)), title="<b>2018<b>")

Analysis:

Mixed and open events are very consistent across this sampling, seeing marginal growth over the three years. Isolating male vs. female ratios, in order the percentages progress generally from 98% Male/2% Female, 77% Male/23% Female, and finally to 58% Male/42% Female in 2018. The data shows that women are participating in a more equal percentage with men as time progresses. When combined with the data above, this trend may be attributed to multiple factors including an increasing number of events, more events that have male and female categories, and strides in social equality and representation.

Event Statistics

Distribution of Overall Participation

Beyond looking at the participation across the entire Winter Olympics per year, the next plot shows the distribution of participants sorted by event. This information was not present in the raw data, so a tibble was used to sort the events in order of overall participation and trim all but the top 15. A second tibble re-referenced the original data, now extracting out only the events isolated by the first tibble, and added median data for ordered graphical representation.

# Plot #2 - Distribution of Athletes to Events, Top 15 participated events.

# Represent the top 15 participated events using a tibble
tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(category, n_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarize(part_category = sum(n_participants)) %>%
  arrange(desc(part_category)) -> events; events
## # A tibble: 138 x 2
##    category                     part_category
##    <chr>                                <int>
##  1 Ice Hockey, Men                       4977
##  2 Four, Men                             1715
##  3 Slalom, Men                           1699
##  4 Giant Slalom, Men                     1678
##  5 Downhill, Men                         1219
##  6 Normal Hill, Individual, Men          1208
##  7 4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men          1172
##  8 Two, Men                              1106
##  9 20 kilometres, Men                    1104
## 10 500 metres, Men                       1095
## # ... with 128 more rows
topEvents = events$category[1:15]  

# A second tibble sorts the data by event category, then summarizes a new 
# plotting tibble with a top-15 trimmed category, median and participant data.
tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(category, n_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarize(category = category[category %in% topEvents], 
            median = median(n_participants[category %in% topEvents]),
            n_participants = n_participants[category %in% topEvents]) %>%
  arrange(desc(median)) -> perEvent; perEvent
## # A tibble: 325 x 3
## # Groups:   category [15]
##    category        median n_participants
##    <chr>            <dbl>          <int>
##  1 Ice Hockey, Men    239             81
##  2 Ice Hockey, Men    239            121
##  3 Ice Hockey, Men    239             47
##  4 Ice Hockey, Men    239            174
##  5 Ice Hockey, Men    239            139
##  6 Ice Hockey, Men    239            146
##  7 Ice Hockey, Men    239            169
##  8 Ice Hockey, Men    239            152
##  9 Ice Hockey, Men    239            270
## 10 Ice Hockey, Men    239            250
## # ... with 315 more rows
# Create a medians vector to order the y-axis.
lblMedian = rev(unique(perEvent$category))
  
# A plot_ly boxplot for the data.
plot_ly(perEvent, type="box", y=~category, x=~n_participants, color=~category)%>%
  
  layout(title="Top 15 Event Participation Across All Winter Olympics",
         xaxis=list(title="# of Participants", range=c(0,350), showgrid=T),
         yaxis=list(title=list(text="Event", standoff=1L), showgrid=T,  
            categoryorder = 'array', categoryarray = lblMedian))

Analysis:

The boxplot of this distribution shows a team sport, Ice Hockey, at the lead followed by many variations of skiing, which is a long-time staple of the Winter Olympics. All events show a decent spread between min and max participation, the greatest of which is men’s Ice Hockey. As in other team events, the rules do not commonly change over time to allow more players to participate in an event, unless there are alternates. Also applicable to the single person competitions, the only explanation for a large spread in participation over the years is a change in the number of participant countries. For the same reason, if an outlier existed in an event, it makes sense that it remained relatively close to the distribution.

Distribution of Country Participation

Comparing notes with the distribution of overall participants above, it is no surprise to see many of the same events in the per-country distribution. The same steps were taken to manipulate participant data as in the last boxplot, with the exception being a focus on the ‘n_country_participation’ column for means of trimming and sorting.

This plot is dominated by downhill and cross-county skiing events, sorted by maximum country participation. A correlation between the spread of participant countries per event and the spread of overall event participation is now visible.

# Plot #3 - Distribution of Countries to Events, Top 15 participated events.

# Represent the top 15 participated events using a tibble
tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(category, n_country_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarize(country_category = sum(n_country_participants)) %>%
  arrange(desc(country_category)) -> events2; events2
## # A tibble: 138 x 2
##    category            country_category
##    <chr>                          <int>
##  1 Slalom, Men                      693
##  2 Giant Slalom, Men                691
##  3 Singles, Men                     592
##  4 Singles, Women                   537
##  5 Giant Slalom, Women              480
##  6 Slalom, Women                    469
##  7 500 metres, Men                  461
##  8 Downhill, Men                    459
##  9 1,500 metres, Men                457
## 10 20 kilometres, Men               376
## # ... with 128 more rows
topEvents2 = events2$category[1:15]  

# A second tibble sorts the data by event category, then summarizes a new 
# plotting tibble with a top-15 trimmed category, median and participant data.
tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(category, n_country_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarize(category = category[category %in% topEvents2], 
            median = median(n_country_participants[category %in% topEvents2]),
            n_country_participants = 
              n_country_participants[category %in% topEvents2]) %>%
  arrange(desc(median)) -> perEvent2; perEvent2
## # A tibble: 353 x 3
## # Groups:   category [15]
##    category          median n_country_participants
##    <chr>              <dbl>                  <int>
##  1 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     26
##  2 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     29
##  3 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     21
##  4 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     28
##  5 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     33
##  6 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     27
##  7 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     31
##  8 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     28
##  9 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     39
## 10 Giant Slalom, Men     31                     38
## # ... with 343 more rows
# Create a medians vector to order the y-axis.
lblMedian2 = rev(unique(perEvent2$category))

# A plot_ly boxplot for the data.
plot_ly(perEvent2, type="box", y=~category, x=~n_country_participants, 
        color=~category)%>%
  
  layout(title="Top 15 Event Country Participation Across All Winter Olympics",
         xaxis=list(title="# of Participant Countries", range=c(0,80), showgrid=T),
         yaxis=list(title=list(text="Event", standoff=1L), showgrid=T,  
                    categoryorder = 'array', categoryarray = lblMedian2))

Country Statistics

Country Medal Counts

Now will begin the focus on performances between countries overall by measure of all medals. To achieve this, a table summary was used to capture the frequencies from the ‘gold_country’, ‘silver_country’, and ‘bronze_country’ columns after the data was grouped using a tibble. The first chart compares the winning percentages of the top 10 most winning countries, achieved by sorting the tibble by frequency and using only the top 10 rows. The second pie chart uses the same data but adds an 11th wedge which represents all of the remaining medals won by other countries.

# Plot #4 - Most Winning Countries by Medal Count across all Winter Olympics

# Sum all medals earned by each country across all years.

# Create a tibble to sum all medals earned by each country across years
tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(gold_country, silver_country, bronze_country) %>%
  summarize(country = unique(c(gold_country,silver_country,bronze_country)),
            count = (table(c(gold_country, silver_country, bronze_country)))
            [country]) %>%
  mutate(count = as.integer(count)) %>%
  arrange(desc(count)) -> medals; medals 
## # A tibble: 47 x 2
##    country count
##    <chr>   <int>
##  1 NOR       359
##  2 USA       293
##  3 GER       257
##  4 AUT       228
##  5 CAN       199
##  6 URS       188
##  7 FIN       167
##  8 SWE       157
##  9 SUI       150
## 10 NED       130
## # ... with 37 more rows
# Trim the data to include only top 10 medal winning countries.
medalsTop = medals[1:10, ]
medalsBot = medals[11:length(medals), ]

# Total the remaining countries medal winnings for comparison pie chart.
allMedals = medalsTop
allMedals[11,1] ="Other Countries"
allMedals[11,2] = sum(medalsBot$count, na.rm=T)

# Create a plotly pie chart.
plot_ly(medalsTop, type='pie', labels=~country, values=~count,
            textinfo='label+percent', hoverinfo = 'text',
            text = paste("Country: ", medalsTop$country, ", Medals: ", 
                         medalsTop$count),
            marker=list(line=list(color='#FFFFFF', width=2)),
            title="Top 10 Winning Countries")%>%
  layout(title="Proportion of Medals Won Across all Winter Olympics",
         showlegend=F, grid=list(rows=1, columns=2), 
         margin=list(b=70))%>%
  add_pie(allMedals, type='pie', labels=allMedals$country, 
            values=allMedals$count, textinfo='label+percent',
            text = paste("Country: ", allMedals$country, ", Medals: ",
                          allMedals$count),
            marker=list(line=list(color='#FFFFFF', width=2)),
            domain=list(row=0, column=1), 
            title="Compared with All other Countries")

Analysis

Among the top 10 most winning countries across Winter Olympic years, there exists a good distribution of percentages. Countries within the arctic regions are well represented here, which makes sense as these Olympic events are all winter activities. Pulling in the results of the second pie chart, the top 10 performing countries contribute to roughly half of overall medals won. The top four performing countries have over a quarter of the total, suggesting that these countries see great Winter Olympics success across time. To see if this trend is representative across all of the Winter Olympics, lets now compare medal winnings over sample years.

Medal Counts: 1924 / 1976 / 2018

For this assessment it is convenient to return to the three years that represent the minimum, median, and maximum years in this dataset. Comparing the proportions of medal winnings by country across these three years should give insight into winning trends, if any. The multivariate bar plot takes information from the ‘event_year’, ‘gold_country’, ‘silver_country’ and ‘bronze_country’ data columns. A tibble was used to filter the 1924, 1976 and 2018 event entries. A table within the tibble stored the unique countries and their frequency in the data, representing their overall medal count for that year. The data was added as three individual traces into a plot_ly representation.

# Plot #5 - Bivariate Table - countries each year vs frequency of medals.

# create 3 tibbles to summarize total medal data for the desired years.
tibble(olympics) %>%
  filter(event_year==1924) %>%
  summarize(country = unique(c(gold_country,silver_country,bronze_country)),
            count = (table(c(gold_country, silver_country, bronze_country)))
            [country]) -> med1924
tibble(olympics) %>%
  filter(event_year==1976) %>%
  summarize(country = unique(c(gold_country,silver_country,bronze_country)),
            count = (table(c(gold_country, silver_country, bronze_country)))
            [country]) -> med1976
tibble(olympics) %>%
  filter(event_year==2018) %>%
  summarize(country = unique(c(gold_country,silver_country,bronze_country)),
            count = (table(c(gold_country, silver_country, bronze_country)))
            [country]) -> med2018

# Create a plot_ly and add the three bar charts to the plot in stack mode.
plot_ly()%>%
  layout(title="All Medals Per Country vs.Year", autosize=T, 
         margin=list(b=-20, pad=-2), barmode='stack', 
         xaxis=list(title="Country/Year Grouping", automargin=F),
         yaxis=list(title="# of Medals", dtick=5, range=c(0,40)))%>%
  add_bars(med1924, y=med1924$count, x=med1924$country, name="1924 Medals")%>%
  add_bars(med1976, y=med1976$count, x=med1976$country, name="1976 Medals")%>%
  add_bars(med2018, y=med2018$count, x=med2018$country, name="2018 Medals")

Analysis:

Isolating the 1924 data shows eleven countries receiving medals, with Finland and Norway achieving great success. The 1976 overlay begins to show a spread of medal winnings across more countries, with East Germany and the Soviet Union at the front. The 2018 data shows a wide spread of medals across many participant nations (FRG, DGR, TCH, and URS are no longer countries at this time, and the MIX category only existed in the 1924 plot). The peaks are now forming in the 30 and 40 counts. Combining the statistics from the pie charts above, once again the countries with Arctic climates are well represented. In later years, gold medals were won by more countries with greater overall frequency than in earlier years. This trend corroborates the idea that participation and performance in the Winter Olympics have grown with time.

Population vs. Samples

Central Limit Theorem

Do assumptions made to the whole data population apply to random samples? The Central Limit Theorem states that if a population of data follows a normal distribution (i.e. has a mean and a standard deviation), then random samples of increasing size will be increasingly normally distributed. In other words, the mean of the samples should approach that of the population, and the standard deviation of the samples should approach the value of the equation:

Population Standard Deviation : \(\sigma_{x}\)
Sample Standard Deviation: \(\sigma_\overline{x}\)
Sample Size : \(n\)

\(\sigma_\overline{x} = \frac{\sigma_{x}}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Revisiting the participants per event over the course of all Winter Olympics can demonstrate this relationship. The data was formed using a tibble to isolate the ‘n_particpants’ column of the Olympic data frame. Tibble manipulation extracted out the top 10 participated events from the main dataset to use as a method of comparison when checking the sample distribution against the population. This time, the data is fed into a histogram, with additional line segment traces added to visually represent mean and +/- standard deviations.

# Plot Series #6 - Central Limit Theorem - Participants per Event

# Frequency comparison between sampling, isolate the top 10 events.

allNum = sum(olympics$n_participants) 

tibble(olympics) %>%
  select(category, n_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarise(category, allPart = sum(n_participants)) -> topData

rev(sort(unique(topData$allPart)))[1:10] -> topPart
nameVar = unique(topData$category[topData$allPart == topPart])

top10 = subset(olympics, olympics$category %in% nameVar)
top10 = subset(top10, !is.na(top10$n_participants))
allTop10 = sum(top10$n_participants)

# Frequency of top 10, represented in %
tibble(top10) %>%
  select(category, n_participants) %>%
  group_by(category) %>%
  summarise(category = unique(category), 
            Population = sum(n_participants)/allTop10*100) %>%
  #group_by(category, Population=max(Population)) %>%
  mutate(Event = category, category=NULL) %>%
  select(Event, Population) -> startData

# Calculate mean and SD of population data.
meanTib = round(mean(top10$n_participants, na.rm=T), 2)
sdTib = round(sd(top10$n_participants, na.rm=T), 2)

# Create a plot_ly histogram of the population data.
plot_ly(top10, type='histogram', x=~n_participants, 
        name="Participants Per Event") %>%
  layout(title="Histogram of Participants Per Event", bargap=0.1, 
         xaxis=list(title="Participant Count", range=c(0,350)),
         yaxis=list(title="Frequency", range=c(0,100))) %>%
  add_segments(x=meanTib, y=0, xend=meanTib, yend=180, 
               name=paste("Mean = ", meanTib)) %>%
  add_segments(x=c(meanTib+sdTib, meanTib-sdTib), 
               xend=c(meanTib+sdTib, meanTib-sdTib), y=c(0,0), 
               yend=c(180,180), name=paste("S.Dev = ", sdTib))

Here is the behavior of four sample sizes: 25, 50, 75 and 100. The mean sampling was taken using normal random selection from a pool of 500 samples of the cumulative participant data, which was extracted again using a tibble isolating down to the ‘n_participants’ category.

# Random sampling sizes 20,40,60,80.
samples=500
xbar = numeric(samples)
pop = top10$n_participants
output = paste0('\nPopulation Mean = ', meanTib, "    Population SD = ", sdTib, "\n\n")

# Acquire sample data of different sizes from sample pool of 500.
# Create individual plot_ly histograms of sample data and track mean/SD.
for (i in 1:samples) {
  xbar[i] = mean(sample(pop, 25, replace = T))
}
s1 = plot_ly(x=xbar, type='histogram', name="Participant Sample: 25") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350)), yaxis=list(range=c(0,80)),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Sample: 25\nMean: ", round(mean(xbar),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(xbar), 2))))
output = c(output, paste0("Sample Size = 25  Mean = ", round(mean(xbar),2)), 
  "\n Actual SD = ", round(sd(xbar), 2), "Expected SD = ", 
  round(sdTib/sqrt(25), 2), "\n\n")
for (i in 1:samples) {
  xbar[i] = mean(sample(pop, 50, replace = T))
}
s2 = plot_ly(x=xbar, type='histogram', name="Participant Sample: 50") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350)), yaxis=list(range=c(0,80), title='Frequency'),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Sample: 50\nMean: ", round(mean(xbar),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(xbar), 2))))
output = c(output, paste0("Sample Size = 50  Mean = ", round(mean(xbar),2)), 
           "\n Actual SD = ", round(sd(xbar), 2), "Expected SD = ", 
           round(sdTib/sqrt(50), 2), "\n\n")
for (i in 1:samples) {
  xbar[i] = mean(sample(pop, 75, replace = T))
}
s3 = plot_ly(x=xbar, type='histogram', name="Participant Sample: 75") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350), title="Participant Count"),
         yaxis=list(range=c(0,80)),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Sample: 75\nMean: ", round(mean(xbar),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(xbar), 2))))
output = c(output, paste0("Sample Size = 75  Mean = ", round(mean(xbar),2)), 
           "\n Actual SD = ", round(sd(xbar), 2), "Expected SD = ", 
           round(sdTib/sqrt(75), 2), "\n\n")
for (i in 1:samples) {
  xbar[i] = mean(sample(pop, 100, replace = T))
}
s4 = plot_ly(x=xbar, type='histogram', name="Participant Sample: 100") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350), title="Participant Count"), 
         yaxis=list(range=c(0,80), title="Frequency"),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Sample: 100\nMean: ", round(mean(xbar),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(xbar), 2))))
output = c(output, paste0("Sample Size = 100  Mean = ", round(mean(xbar),2)), 
           "\n Actual SD = ", round(sd(xbar), 2), "Expected SD = ", 
           round(sdTib/sqrt(100), 2), "\n\n")

# Plot the results in a 2x2 grid using subplot(). 
subplot(s1, s2, s3, s4, nrows=2, shareX=F, shareY=T, titleX=T, titleY=T) %>%
  layout(title="Samples of Participants Per Event", bargap=0.1, showlegend=F)

Analysis:

Keeping the x-axis equal to the population data, each of the plots show a noticeable relationship to the original plot. The mean of the original data was 50.99 -> ~51 participants per event, which the sampling means closely match. The standard deviations of the samples follow the expected mathematical calculation shown below. All sample sizes chosen here make very similar plots, with the only difference being the standard deviation growing smaller. The greater the sample size, the more data pools within one standard deviation of the mean, creating ever narrower distributions.

## 
## Population Mean = 81.6    Population SD = 58.45
## 
##  Sample Size = 25  Mean = 81.14 
##  Actual SD =  11.79 Expected SD =  11.69 
## 
##  Sample Size = 50  Mean = 81.65 
##  Actual SD =  8.58 Expected SD =  8.27 
## 
##  Sample Size = 75  Mean = 81.89 
##  Actual SD =  6.89 Expected SD =  6.75 
## 
##  Sample Size = 100  Mean = 81.86 
##  Actual SD =  5.89 Expected SD =  5.85

Other Sampling Methods

Several other sampling methods exist beyond random normal sampling. Observe below samples gathered using the following:

  • Single Random Sampling without Replacement (SRSWOR)

Randomly sampling the entire data set for a given number of results. Each time a sample is taken, the result is omitted from the data set for future samples to eliminate overlap.

  • Systematic Sampling with Equal Probability (Systematic Equal)

Dividing the population data into equal segments, the number of which represents the number of samples desired. A random number is selected within the interval of the data, which represents where in the segment the sample will be drawn uniformly across all segments. This method may result in null samples returned if the desired sample size is not a factor of the population size.

  • Systematic Sampling with Unequal Probability (Systematic Unequal)

Sampling using the inclusionprobabilities() function to set the fractional probability for each element of the population set according to the desired sample size. Then the UPsystematic() function returns the selected sample indices in binary form to extract from the population data.

  • Stratified Sampling with Proportional Sizes (Stratified)

The original dataset is ordered by the size of a ranking category. Strata size and probability are determined by the proportion of entries versus the whole data. Based on the weighted probability, sample selections are biased to the strata with larger numbers.

# Plot Series #7 - Multiple Sampling Methods (sample pool = 100)

library(stats)
library(sampling)
# Reuse popSet from above as population data set

output2 = paste0('\nPopulation Mean = ', meanTib, "    Population SD = ", sdTib, "\n\n")
size=100
pop = top10$n_participants
# SRSWOR

s <- srswor(size, length(pop))
index = (1:length(pop))[s!=0]
index <- rep(index, s[s != 0])
sample.1 = pop[index]

# Append to the sampling tracker.
count = table(top10$category[index])
startData = mutate(startData, SRSWOR = count)

s5 = plot_ly(x=sample.1, type='histogram', name="SRSWOR Sample Method") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350)), yaxis=list(range=c(0,100), title="Frequency"),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>SRSWOR Sampling\nMean: : ", 
                                     round(mean(sample.1),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(sample.1), 2))));
output2 = c(output2, paste0("SRSWOR  Mean = ", round(mean(sample.1),2)), 
           "  Actual SD = ", round(sd(sample.1),2), "\n\n")
 
# Systematic Sampling
n = size
k = ceiling(length(pop) / n)
r = sample(k, 1)
s <- seq(r, by = k, length = n)

# With systematic sampling, since we used the ceiling function to oversample based
# on the vector size, there is a chance of obtaining NA sample results.  For the
# purposes of this project, we will omit those values and adjust mean and SD
# calculations to the true sample vector size.
sample.2 = pop[s]
sample.2 = na.omit(sample.2)

temp = top10$category[s]
count = table(temp)/sum(table(temp))*100
startData = mutate(startData, Sys.Equal = count)

s6 = plot_ly(x=sample.2, type='histogram', name="Systematic Equal Sample Method") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350)), yaxis=list(range=c(0,100)),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Systematic Equal Sampling\nMean: ",
                                     round(mean(sample.2),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(sample.2), 2)))); 
output2 = c(output2, paste0("Systematic Equal  Mean = ", round(mean(sample.2),2)), 
            "  Actual SD = ", round(sd(sample.2),2), "\n\n")

# Unequal Systematic Sampling (Inclusion Probability)

pik <- inclusionprobabilities(
  pop, size); 

s <- UPsystematic(pik)
sample.3 = pop[s!= 0]

count = table(top10$category[s!=0])
startData = mutate(startData, Incl.Prob = count)

s7 = plot_ly(x=sample.3, type='histogram', name="Systematic Unequal Sample Method") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350), title="Participant Count"),
         yaxis=list(range=c(0,100), title="Frequency"),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Systematic Unequal Sampling\nMean: ",
                                     round(mean(sample.3),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(sample.3), 2)))); 
output2 = c(output2, paste0("Systematic Unequal  Mean = ", round(mean(sample.3),2)), 
            "  Actual SD = ", round(sd(sample.3),2), "\n\n")

# Stratified Sampling

tibble(top10) %>%
  select(category, n_participants) -> popSet2

discRank = 1:length(unique(popSet2$category))
discSort = rev(sort(table((popSet2$category))))
names(discRank) = names(discSort)
popSet2$rank = discRank[popSet2$category]
subSet = popSet2[order(popSet2$rank), ]
  
freq <- rev(sort(table((popSet2$category))))

st.sizes <- size * freq / sum(freq)

# The data was organized and ranked by the number of results with the 17
# distinct disciplines of events.  There was great disparity in results per
# discipline, such that some sample strata possessed over 100 entries and others
# had only 1.  To not get an empty strata error, i used the ceiling() function
# to guarantee I had minimum one value in the strata.  

st.2 <- strata(subSet, stratanames = c("category"),
               size = (st.sizes), method = "srswor",
               description = F)

sample.4 <- getdata(subSet, st.2)$n_participants

count = table(getdata(subSet, st.2)$category)
startData = mutate(startData, Stratification = count)

s8 = plot_ly(x=sample.4, type='histogram', name="Stratified Sample Method") %>%
  layout(xaxis=list(range=c(0,350), title="Participant Count"),
         yaxis=list(range=c(0,100)),
         annotations=list(x=200, y=60, xref='x', yref='y', ax=0, ay=0,
                          text=paste("<b>Stratified Sampling\nMean: ", 
                                     round(mean(sample.4),2),
                                     "\nSD: ", round(sd(sample.4), 2))));
output2 = c(output2, paste0("Stratified  Mean = ", round(mean(sample.4),2)), 
            "  Actual SD = ", round(sd(sample.4),2), "\n\n")

# Plot the results in a 2x2 grid using subplot(). 
subplot(s5, s6, s7, s8, nrows=2, shareX=F, shareY=T, titleX=T, titleY=T) %>%
  layout(title="Samples of Participants Per Event, 100 Samples", bargap=0.1,
         showlegend=F)

All the sample data created visually resembled the master population plot, demonstrating the viability of using sampling to demonstrate the behavior and trends of an entire data set. See below for the means and standard deviations of each sampling method.

## 
## Population Mean = 81.6    Population SD = 58.45
## 
##  SRSWOR  Mean = 86.87   Actual SD =  66.23 
## 
##  Systematic Equal  Mean = 83.67   Actual SD =  58.1 
## 
##  Systematic Unequal  Mean = 109.22   Actual SD =  71.91 
## 
##  Stratified  Mean = 82.18   Actual SD =  59.53

Sampling Analysis

The original plot showed overall distribution of participation per event across all the Olympic years. To determine the degree of success for each sampling method above, a comparison is needed to demonstrate how close the population data ratios are to the sampling data ratios.

Event Population SRSWOR Sys.Equal Incl.Prob Stratification
20 kilometres, Men 6.504448 4 7.246377 8 7
4 x 10 kilometres Relay, Men 6.905085 6 13.043478 5 9
500 metres, Men 6.451423 17 11.594203 6 14
Downhill, Men 7.181995 6 4.347826 10 9
Four, Men 10.104283 11 13.043478 8 9
Giant Slalom, Men 9.886290 12 17.391304 14 9
Ice Hockey, Men 29.323042 14 10.144928 23 11
Normal Hill, Individual, Men 7.117186 13 10.144928 6 11
Slalom, Men 10.010016 7 5.797101 11 9
Two, Men 6.516232 10 7.246377 9 9

The data in the ‘Population’ column represents what percentages of data were located in a particular event bucket. The four following columns represent the actual sample percentages located in those events to compare to the population. Of note, calculating percentages of Sys.Equal (Systematic Sampling with Equal Probability) sampling resulted in decimals. This was due to the fact that from the nature of that sampling method, it is possible to sample outside the bounds of the population data depending on the random index chosen per the segments. To compensate, the sum of the actual non-NA samples was used to calculate the percentage rather than assuming 100 samples.

Most interesting is that the Systematic Sampling with Unequal Probabilities (Incl.Prob) compared the best to the population data. The other methods seemed more random in their sampling distribution. Visually, disregarding individual event buckets nearly all of the sample plots showed reasonable bells similar to the core data.

The SRSWOR and Stratified Sampling methods compared to the base data reasonably well in terms of the mean and standard deviation. Systematic unequal sampling using inclusion probabilities fared the worst in the comparison. This may be attributed to its resampling loop if all samples were not achieved in the first pass, which biases leading values.

Conclusion

The growth of the Winter Olympic games is very quantifiable using all of the plot and analysis above. The observed metrics contributing to this growth are:

  • More events existed in later years.
  • More countries participated in later years.
  • Athlete representation by gender began to equalize over time.
  • Top events show a wide distribution in participation.
  • Top events show a wide distribution in participant countries.
  • Medal distribution increased across a greater span of countries over time.